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122 AB Figure 1. SDR designed and constructed by LABOR srl, (A) scheme of the disc and the plate for the location of the feed stream; (B) photo of the SDR pilot plant 2. Nanoparticles produced by SDR technique The spinning disc reactor (SDR) technology, also named spinning disc processing (SDP), has been introduced at the University of Newcastle by the pioneering work of C. Ramshaw on process intensification (PI), on the improvement of heat transfer on rotating surfaces (Jachuck and Ramshow, 1994). They successfully experimented its use for a pre-polymerization for the manufacture of polystyrene (Jachuck and Ramshow, 1997). At the end of the last century, from the collaboration between the University of Newcastle and the Sapienza University of Rome, the SDR technology was applied to barium sulfate reaction-precipitation (Cafiero et al., 1999). Even in the absence of more advanced investigation instruments, now available, as nano-sizer it was evident the SDR's advantage to produce nanoparticles by precipitation-reaction. During the last 20 years, the SDR technology has been applied to produce various nanoparticles through reaction-precipitation or by the solvent-antisolvent (S-AS) process. Both inorganic and organic products were produced, like composite nanoparticles for the drug release, battery application, etc. In Table 1, a list of material produced as nanoparticles by the SDR technique is shown. Table1. Nanoparticles produced by SDR technique and the adopted operating parameters Material Ag, silver Ag AgCl, silver Chloride AgI, silver Iodide BaSO4, barium sulfate BaSO4 Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, Hydroxyapatite Cu, copper Cu CuO, copper oxide after calcination Fe nZVI, iron nanozerovalent Fe3O4, magnetite Authors Kisyelovab et al. 2016 Tai et al. 2009 Dabir et al. 2014 Liu et al. 2012 Cafiero et al. 2002 Farahani et al. 2017 De Capraris et al. 2012 Marchetti et al. 2019 Ahoba-Sam et al. 2018 Chang et al. 2011 Vilardi et al. 2019 Chin et al. Disc diameter cm 9 19.5 Vertical disc 15 - 20 19,5 50 20 8.5 8.5 10 20 Vertical disc 8.5 20 No. Feed points/distance from centre, cm 1/2 1 1 1 1 4/1,4,7,10 1/2,3 2,4/2.5 Finest particle nm 28 nm < 10 nm PVP 37 nm 66 nm PVP 700 nm 23 nm 80 nm 26 nm RPM at finest particle 900 rpm > 500 rpm 1500 rpm 4000 rpm 1000 rpm 4750 rpm 1400 rpm 1400 rpm 2400 rpm 4000 rpm 1400 rpm 2000 rpm 1 3.2nm 1 45nm 5/1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 28 nm 3.5 1 10-200 nmPDF Image | Spinning Disc Reactor to produce Nanoparticles
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