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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 84, 2021 Guest Editors: Paolo Ciambelli, Luca Di Palma Copyright © 2021, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-82-2; ISSN 2283-9216 121 A publication of The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it DOI: 10.3303/CET2184021 Spinning Disc Reactor to produce Nanoparticles: Applications and Best Operating Variables Angelo Chianesea,*, Alfredo Picanoa, Marco Stollerb aLabor srl, Via G. Peroni 386, 00131 Rome, Italy bSapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy angelo.cianese@fondazione.uniroma1.it A spinning disc reactor (SDR) is a useful equipment to produce monodisperse nanoparticles with controllable properties, as particle size and particle size distribution. Since the late 90s, this technology has been successfully proven for the reaction and solvent-antisolvent precipitation process. This paper reviews the works on the use of SDR to produce inorganic and organic compounds. Firstly, the more significant works on the subject are presented concerning the produced compound, then the factors influencing the process performances are examined in the light of the results in the literature. Finally, some considerations on the fluid stream's hydrodynamics modelling along the disc surface are attempted. 1. Introduction This paper concerns the use of the spinning disc reactor technology for producing nanoparticles by precipitation-reaction. The liquid reagents streams are directed towards the centre of the disc, which is rotated rapidly (300 and 3000 rpm) resulting in a thin fluid film (1 to 200 nm). The thickness of the fluid layer and the large contact area between it and the disc surface induces high heat and mass transfer. Finally, the drag forces between the moving fluid and the disc surface enable very efficient and rapid mixing (micromixing) among the reagents in the liquid streams flowing along the disc surface. The production of nanoparticles, defined as particles less than 100 nm, implies applying a procedure that fosters the nucleation rate and limits the growth and agglomeration rates. When the limiting reagent achieves its maximum value, supersaturation and reaction rate reaches the ultimate value, and the nucleation rate is maximized. A prerequisite is to attain a micromixing among the reagents, which is the complete mixing of the inlet fluid streams into the reactor. Typically, the micromixing time is lower than 1 ms. The spinning disc reactor (SDR) is the more flexible and straightforward equipment for the mixing intensification among liquid streams flowing over its surface. It may be operated in continuous mode to produce a commercial amount of the solid product. Moreover, it is inherently safer than the traditional stirred tank reactors and its operation at lab scale can be easily scaled up (Bodhoo, 2013). An SDR 500 mm in diameter can typically process about 150 kg/h of material with water-like viscosity. Fig. 1 shows an SDR produced by LABOR srl. The fluid streams are fed over the disc at the central point or along the disc radius. The feeding point criterium is a compromise between the maximum local mixing and the residence time to be attained for the best solid production process performances. The disc may be maintained at a suitable temperature by a heating coil put under the disc or circulation of a thermostatic fluid stream within the disc plate. The rotation speed is usually variable and strictly controlled. The disc, usually made of copper or stainless steel, has a smooth or grooved surface. In the latter case waves and ripples are generated within the disc's liquid layer to increase the turbulence. In some works, a vertical SDR with a horizontal rotating shaft is adopted to allow an easier discharge of the slurry. A novel and higher dissipation energy equipment consist of two coaxial rotating discs (DSDR) (Farahani et al., 2017). The upper disc may rotate both clockwise and counter-clockwise. The Authors investigated the performance of DDSR in the synthesis of barium sulfate through the precipitation process. Smaller particles with narrower particle size distribution are some advantages of this new equipment. Paper Received: 27 August 2020; Revised: 10 December 2020; Accepted: 17 February 2021 Please cite this article as: Chianese A., Picano A., Stoller M., 2021, Spinning Disk Reactor to Produce Nanoparticles: Applications and Best Operating Variables, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 84, 121-126 DOI:10.3303/CET2184021PDF Image | Spinning Disc Reactor to produce Nanoparticles
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