PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 2 of 32 Storage density, in terms of the amount of energy per unit of volume or mass, is important for optimizing solar ratio (how much solar radiation is useful for the heating/cooling purposes), efficiency of appliances (solar thermal collectors and absorption chillers), and energy consumption for space heating/coolingroom consumption. Therefore, the possibility of using phase-change materials (PCMs) in solar system applications is worth investigating. PCMs might be able to increase the energy density of small-sized water storage tanks, reducing solar storage volume for a given solar fraction or increasing the solar fraction for a given available volume [7]. It is possible to consider thermal storage on the hot and/or cold side of the plant. The former allows the storage of hot water from the collectors (and from the auxiliary heater) to be supplied to the generator of the absorption chiller (in cooling mode) or directly to the users (in heating mode). The latter allows the storage of cold water produced by the absorption chiller to be supplied to the cooling terminals inside the building. It is usual to identify three situations as “hot”, “warm”, and “cold” storage based on the different temperature ranges. Typically, a hot tank may work at 80–90 ◦C, a warm tank at 40–50 ◦C, and a cold tank at 7–15 ◦C [8]. While heat storage on the hot side of solar plants are always present because of heating and/or domestic hot water (DHW) production, cold storage is justified in larger plants. Cold storages are used not only to gain economic advantages from lower electricity costs (in the case of electric compression chillers) depending on the time of day but also to lower the cooling power installed and to allow more continuous operation of the chiller [9]. The use of thermal storage, initially, could not provide effective backup but helped the system to thermally stabilize. Consequently, thermal storage found use in solar-assisted thermal systems [10]. Since then, studying thermal energy storage technologies as well as the usability and effects of both sensible and latent heat storage in numerous applications increased, leading to a number of reviews [11–15]. These reviews focused only on one side (cold or hot) or component of the system or one of its integral mechanism. For example, Pintaldi et al. [16] reviewed thermal energy storage technologies and control approaches for solar cooling system. They mainly focused on types of thermal storages used in solar cooling applications, with emphasis on higher temperatures (>100 ◦C). Tian and Zhao [17] compiled various types of research in solar collectors and thermal energy storages used for solar thermal applications. Joybari et al. [18] compiled a review on PCM for cold storage for the application of domestic refrigeration, i.e., evaporator side only. The study performed by Oró et al. [19] also covered ice storage and air conditioning separately. This paper is focused on the analysis of TES technologies that provides a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage (SHS) technologies, including the use of water, underground, and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Latent-heat storage (LHS) systems associated with PCMs for use in the solar heating and cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and CSP plants as well as thermo-chemical storage (TCS) are also discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included. 2. Classification and Characteristics of Storage Systems Due to intermittency in availability and constant variation in solar radiation, TES found its place in thermodynamic systems. TES not only reduces the discrepancy between the demand and supply by conserving energy, but also improves the performance and thermal reliability of the system. Therefore, designing efficient and economical TES systems is of high importance. However, few solar thermal plants in the world have employed TES at a large scale. Additionally, the design of TES systems in various domestic solar applications is currently being investigated [20]. Using a computational fluid dynamic approach is also a vastly used method to save money, where FLUENT software seems to be successfully used for different engineering applications [21].PDF Image | Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
PDF Search Title:
Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
a554bca3a326b394928e3ab67fdd8d40c756.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Sand Battery Sand and Paraffin for TES Thermo Energy Storage More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |