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184 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 Source: HPC, 2004. Since the implementation of the Enova SF Energy Fund and its investment support for heat generated from wood chips and saw mill waste in 2001, biomass heat increased significantly. ENOVA has contracted a total of 2.9 PJ of biomass heat projects with around 1.8 PJ supported in 2004 alone (IEA, 2005). In 2006 an additional 3 biomass heat projects were granted €480 000 for 360 TJ of heat production. Geothermal There was no shallow or deep geothermal capacity reported in Norway in 1995. By 2000, however, 6 MW of shallow, geothermal heat-pump capacity had been developed, and 600 MW by 2005 (an estimated 3.0 PJ/year). Geothermal installations are reported to be primarily large geothermal heat pump systems for commercial building or community dwellings, most of which are ground-water based (Lund et al., 2005). The market for GHPs has been growing since 2001 (Figure B24), mostly for residential installations. Figure B24 Annual geothermal heat pump sales in Norway from 1992 till 2003 Number of units sold 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 GHPs were included in the 1999-2002 exemption from the 7% investment tax. The combination of incentives offered under the Incentives for Non-Electric Heating Technologies scheme and the Enova SF Energy Fund in 2001 has seen significant growth in geothermal heat. Conclusions Norway has had abundant access to inexpensive and clean hydro power which has lead to extensive use of cheap electrical heating. Due to constraints on further local expansions of hydro power, various policies have been introduced in support of alternative energies, including a package of regulation, tax measures and subsidies for renewable heat. In addition, a major policy shift was introduced in 1998 aimed at curbing electricity-use patterns. As a result, Enova was established to manage the subsidies for energy saving, renewable heat and new renewable electricity production. Enova has been crucial for the growth of renewable heat in Norway, allocating more than €142 M for 7.2 PJ of contracted energy generation between 2001 and 200683. As funding for renewable heat continues to increase under the Enova SF Energy Fund, it is expected that renewable heat in Norway will increase in the future. 83. A total of €70.9 M was allocated for renewable heat in 2001; €4.7 M in 2002; €11.3 M in 2003; €13 M in 2004; and €42 M in 2006. In 2006 59 projects were supported to produce 2.5 PJ of heat.PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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