RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING

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RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING ( renewables-for-heating-and-cooling )

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plants (Statistics Norway, 2007). The amount of biomass and heat pump energy in the district heating systems is increasing. The 1999 mandate for new buildings to be connected to district heating systems and the 7% investment tax exemption available between 1999-2002 are likely to have influenced the increase in district heating infrastructure. Figure B22 Heat consumption in Norway by sector Agriculture 1% Service 67% Residential 17% Figure B23 Renewable heat generation in Norway from 1990 till 2005 Heat generated (TJ) 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 Source: IEA, 2006b Solar thermal Biomass Solar thermal Industry 15% 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 As of 2005, approximately 7.2 TJ of heat was generated by solar thermal in Norway so the commercial market for solar heating remained relatively small (SHC, 2006). Solar thermal was offered direct financial incentives under the 2002 Incentives for Non-Electric Heating Technologies scheme. While the Enova SF Energy Fund does offer some support for solar thermal, it is comparatively low compared with bioenergy and geothermal. Biomass Norway has a considerable domestic biomass resource. However, its exploitation for heat was low prior to 2000. About 25.9 PJ of biomass heat was generated in 2003 by the many households that combust wood for space heating (IEA, 2004). Combustion of biomass in district heating systems is complicated by the dispersed nature of Norwegian settlements, and is therefore only possible in a few locations (IEA, 2005). 183

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