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Increasing cycle pressure Figure 51 Optimal cycle and heat recovery point selection with varying heat absorbed in the boiler as a result of feed pump pressure It is also important to note that in physical applications, expander efficiency changes with pressure ratio. Hence, with a higher pumping pressure a poor isentropic efficiency of the expander may be observed due to high pressure ratios (usually beyond 5:1). Also, a system with extremely higher cycle pressure will require relatively expensive heat exchangers. 5.2.2 Reducing minimum ORC temperature The pressure in the condenser is the saturation pressure corresponding to the condensing temperature of the working fluid. Here, the vapour of the working fluid goes through an almost constant pressure phase change process into a state of saturated liquid, rejecting the latent heat into the condenser coolant. The pressure of the working fluid within the condenser is roughly equal to the ORC’s lowest pressure. Efficient utilization of the heat sink is crucial for efficient operation of the power plant as heat dissipation system in ORC units have a tremendous effect on the cycle efficiency. From a thermodynamic point of view, it can be shown that, for an ORC unit, the reduction of heat sink temperature gives a higher rise in the thermal efficiency of the cycle than an equivalent increase in heat source temperature. Therefore, for the ORC systems which do not reach high temperatures in boiler, assuring a low condensing temperature for the working fluid is of crucial importance. The sensitivity of the ORC’s performance to coolant temperature is shown in figure 52 and 53. Analysis performed with a fixed pinch point and waste heat shows, the net power output, cycle efficiency and overall conversion efficiency increases with decreasing coolant temperature. Lower condensing temperature and pressure results in larger enthalpy drop in expansion stage and correspondingly lesser heat is rejected in the condenser. 88PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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