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Chapter 5 Economic analysis that almost equals the previous two ones at 7000 h, thanks to what has been discussed before, but obviously NPV is much lower. However, it has already been mentioned that the most important scenario is 0 h sale, therefore the latter results are less important. Besides, as in the pervious case, GT GAS REG PRES proves to be less interesting than the best plants (even if it slightly overcomes ICE GAS in terms of Net Present Value in the 7000 h heat sale case, due to a better thermal efficiency). Moreover, the addition of the ORC unit (GT GAS ORC) does not yield any particular results: economic performance is essentially comparable to the base case (although being somewhat worse). Concerning the latter solution, it is important to point out that, in case of heat recovery and sale, the CHP configuration has been obviously considered, otherwise the electric one is used, in order to achieve a better performance (without any extraordinary results, though). Finally, ICE GAS can be considered the best solution at 1 MWel scale, even because GT EXT CER is based on a regenerative gas turbine, which is actually not consolidated on these scales. Differently from the 100 kWel, GT HYB can represent an interesting solution, especially if heat is being sold for a long period of time during the year. 5.3.2.1 Note In this sub-section, some considerations concerning the PayBack Times values obtained in this analysis are being proposed (they would be valid for the 5 MWel case too). The purpose is to show how results (1 ÷ 1.5 years), which could seem too optimistic at first sight, are actually coherent. First of all a comparison with photovoltaic (PV) technology has been made, carrying out some approximate estimates. In the last years, PV panels installation costs remarkably decreased, reaching about 4000 €/kWp in case of large plants, like those being taken into account [5.6]. Nevertheless it is well known that peak kilowatt (kWp) refers to ideal conditions in which solar radiation is equal to 1 kWrad/m2, which obviously does not occur all over the year (at certain latitudes never at all), therefore it cannot be considered a real measure of the actual plant capacity. The verifiable average solar radiation at the Italian latitudes is about 160 Wrad/m2 (central Italy) [5.7], i.e. about one sixth of the peak value. As a consequence, real average capacity of solar panels is 185PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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