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Chapter 5 Economic analysis 1.3 factor should be used in any case. However in the present work both of the two possible scenarios have been considered, assuming that the decree will be enacted in the near future. Basing on those factors, the green certificates are equal, respectively, to 18 c€/kWhel and 13 c€/kWhel and the overall income is thus 26 c€/kWhel and 21 c€/kWhel (or 27 ÷ 28 c€/kWhel and 22 ÷ 23 c€/kWhel for 100 kWel). One can see that the TO (whose value is independent from any considerations regarding the chain length) is more convenient than GCs on the scales of interest, therefore it has been used for 100 kWel and 1 MWel. Obviously GCs have instead been adopted for 5 MWel. It is important to note that what described up to now is strictly valid for biomass fed plants only: on the contrary, in the hybrid solution, electric energy is sold at a price depending on the power share generated from biomass or from natural gas. Thus in the first case it will be paid according to the aforementioned incentives, while in the second case the base tariff of 8 c€/kWhel will be applied: the final sale price will then be given by a weighted average of the two contributions. Concluding, one can see how high incentives really are and that it is therefore necessary to stress power generation if plants are fed with renewable energy sources. 5.2.3 Other hypotheses • Thermal energy sale price has been fixed to 5 c€/kWhth, which would correspond to burning natural gas having a cost of 40 c€/Sm3 in a boiler with 85% thermal efficiency2; the same methane cost is applied when it is used for fuelling the hybrid solution; • biomass cost is equal to 60 €/t for the raw material3 (including costs of ash disposal) and to 15 €/t for its transport: in all 75 €/t; 2 Such a methane cost is applicable in the industrial sector, while in the civil one values of 60 ÷ 70 c€/Sm3, corresponding to 7 ÷ 9 c€/kWhth, are usually found. However it is important to note that a possible civil application would normally imply the construction of a district heating net, which would have a considerable cost. The use of 5 c€/kWhth as sale price also in this case is meant to roughly take into account such a fact. 3 It must is recalled that the considered biomass (wood having a moisture content of 8.7%) is valuable and the cost is fixed accordingly. 177PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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