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Chapter 5 Economic analysis • yearly working period is 7000 h (i.e. 80% availability); • the duration of the investment is fixed to 10 years: as mentioned before, economic incentives should last 15 years but considering a 7000 h/y working period, the overall life would be 70,000 h, that is essentially a limit value for the considered plants (indeed, for many of them reliability data are not even available); obviously revamping interventions may be effected to extend useful life in order to cover the whole incentive period in case; • three scenarios have been taken into account for the thermal energy sale period, already starting from the base analysis: - 0 h: no heat sale - 2500 h: heat sale during the cold season (for heating purposes) - 7000 h: heat sale all over the year (industrial applications) • it is hypothesised to take out a loan which covers 50% of the investment; loan repayment time is 8 years, while the interest rate is equal to 6%; • maintenance bears on the investment costs at a rate of 3% for plants with internal combustion engines and 2% for plants with gas turbines, with a 2% increase every year in both of the cases; • insurance and other charges are meant to be 1% of the investment costs; • one equivalent operator for 100 kWel and 1 MWel devices and two operators for the 5 MWel ones are meant to be required for plant running: the unit salary is 30,000 €, distributed on 13 months; • the amortization period is equal to the investment one, i.e. 10 years; • the discount rate is 6%; • Italian legislation provides two taxes: IRES (Imposta sul Reddito delle Società, i.e. tax on the corporate income), equal to 27.5% of the earnings, and IRAP (Imposta Regionale sulle Attività Produttive, i.e. regional tax on productive activities), equal to 3.9% of the amount given by the sum of EBIT (Earning Before Interests and Takes) and job costs. Once fixed the yearly working hours and grouped the power outputs to 100 kWel, 1 MWel and 5 MWel, annual generated electricity in the three cases is then equal to 700 MWhel, 7000 MWhel or 35000 MWhel. Biomass consumption is then calculated starting from the electrical efficiency of each plant, known wood lower heating value. 178PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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