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Chapter 5 Economic analysis Solution ICE GAS GT GAS REG PRES GT EXT CER ICE GAS ORC GT GAS ORC GT HYB 100 kWel 450 554 400 - - 250 1 MWel 2700 3340 3000 - 3650 2000 5 MWel 10,000 12,200 10,000 10,650 13,450 7500 Table 5.3 – Overall investment costs (k€). 5.2.2 Electric energy sale price Italian legislation provides considerable economic incentives to support power generation from renewable energies [5.5]. The whole regulation is quite complex, however for the purposes of this work it is sufficient to specify that, in general, there are two possible options: the so called Tariffa Omnicomprensiva (TO, i.e. all-inclusive tariff) and Green Certificates (GC), both lasting 15 years. The first one is applied to plants having a power output lower than 1 MWel (0.2 MWel for wind turbines) and provides an overall payment for the generated electricity equal to 28 c€/kWhel as regards biomass. GCs are instead available for plants of any size and provide a contribution which is added to the normal electricity sale price. This contribution is given by a fixed base value multiplied by a factor varying according to the different renewable sources. The base value is equal to the difference between the constant value of 18 c€/kWhel and the annual average electric energy sale price: 8 c€/kWhel for the latter parameter and thus 10 c€/kWhel for the green certificates have been chosen in this work. Indeed, for plants having a size lower than 1 MWel a minimum electricity sale price is granted. Its calculation mechanism is not explained here, however its value is averagely 9 ÷ 10 c€/kWhel at 100 kWel and about 8 c€/kWhel at 1 MWel (thus there is a potential advantage only as regards the former scale). The aforementioned multiplicative factor for biomass depends on the biomass supply chain length: it is equal to 1.8 in case of short chain, while it is 1.3 with a long chain. Concerning this point, it is important to note that the legislative decree, which should properly define the concept of short and long chain, is still pending (ref. November 2009) and in the meantime the 176PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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