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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis proposed there is valid, although now the distance between its efficiencies and those reached by the best solutions is becoming greater. On the other hand, it is interesting to analyse the result of the combined solution, i.e. GT GAS ORC: as easily understandable, its performance is better with respect to the other GT solutions (in the pressurised pure electric case it almost reaches 30%), nevertheless ICE GAS has still a 2% higher electrical efficiency. Finally, same as in the previous case, the hybrid solution places itself at a level comparable to GT GAS REG PRES and GT EXT CER. On the other hand, the analysis of first law efficiencies does not provide any particular indications: for plants with a gasifier this parameter is about 65 ÷ 70%, for the other solutions with a gas turbine it is about 80%, while naturally ORC (CHP) is still the best solution with its 90%: values are roughly analogous to the previous case. Concluding, what has been said above regarding ORC is valid also for GT GAS ORC too, namely that the pure electric production involves a heavy reduction of first law efficiency (- 17 ÷ 18%), allowing to get improvements of just 1% in electrical terms: therefore also in this case the cogenerative configuration (in particular coupled with a pressurised gasifier, where efficiencies are 4% higher than the ambient pressure ones) is generally preferable. In conclusion, the most interesting solutions are analogous to those listed regarding the 100 kWel case, with the addition of GT GAS ORC. 4.3.3 5 MWel size All of the sixteen solutions listed in Table 4.4 have been analysed for the last scale: apart from the twelve configurations studied regarding the 1 MWel scale, STIG cycle plants for GT solutions and the combined ICE GAS ORC have been considered. As mentioned before, concerning the GT GAS ORC solution, only the regenerative cycle has been taken into account. Results are listed in Table 4.8 and shown in Figures 4.25 and 4.26, reported on the following pages. Focussing on electrical efficiencies, results are qualitatively analogous to those regarding the 1 MWel scale. ICE GAS benefits from the engine’s very high electrical efficiency and is well ahead of gas turbine solutions (as usual, except for those with direct solid biomass feeding): 37% against about 30% in the best cases. 161PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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