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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis Group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Colour Green Red Gold Light brown Blue Purple Orange Solution ICE GAS GT GAS SIM AMB GT GAS REG AMB GT GAS VAP AMB GT GAS SIM PRES GT GAS REG PRES GT GAS VAP PRES GT EXT CER GT EXT MET GT DIR SIM GT DIR REG GT DIR VAP ORC ICE GAS ORC GT HYB ηel [%] 36.82 17.95 24.87 24.07 22.37 29.60 29.43 25.96 15.21 26.75 36.05 35.41 17.16 (CHP) 21.00 (EL) 39.22 (CHP) 39.85 (EL) 31.62 ηI [%] 70.28 68.72 67.82 47.41 73.86 72.59 52.42 81.60 79.78 83.89 82.51 58.39 91.04(CHP) 21.00 (EL) 73.41 (CHP) 61.98 (EL) 82.85 GT GAS ORC 28.62 (AMB CHP) 29.93 (AMB EL) 33.31 (PRES CHP) 34.63 (PRES EL) 67.88 (AMB CHP) 47.32 (AMB EL) 72.54 (PRES CHP) 51.82 (PRES EL) Table 4.8 – 5 MWel: electrical and first law efficiencies. STIG cycle versions almost equalise regenerative cycle ones among plants with gas turbine in all of the three cases in which they are adopted (GAS AMB, GAS PRES and DIR). On the contrary, differently from the previous cases, GT EXT CER has a lower efficiency than the regenerative-pressurised GT GAS: this is due to the limitations imposed on the maximum working temperature at the heat exchanger (see Section 4.2.3). The same considerations proposed for the previous size are valid for GT EXT MET and ORC. Concerning the combined solutions, those with a gas turbine are again slightly less performing than ICE GAS, while ICE GAS ORC obviously reaches the highest efficiency, since the ORC contribution is added to the 37% achieved by ICE GAS. Indeed, the increase consists in just 2 ÷ 3%, as the non enormous thermal energy contained in the engine flue gases limits power production by ORC. However almost 40% is reached: an excellent result, comparable to that of large scale BIGCCs. 162PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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