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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 MWel - First law efficiency ICEGAS GTGAS GTGAS GTGAS GTGAS GTEXT GTEXT GTDIR GTDIR ORC GTGAS GTHYB SIM REG SIM REG CER MET SIM REG ORC AMB AMB PRES PRES Figure 4.24 – 1 MWel: first law efficiency. Differently from the 100 kWel case, where a substantial balance has been found, as far as electrical performance is concerned, the ICE GAS solution is much more efficient than plants with gas turbine, again confirming the hypotheses made in Section 2.4.2, where it was supposed that higher efficiency of a methane-fuelled internal combustion engine would be reflected on biomass-fed plants, too. As for 100 kWel, the result (about 32%) is given by the product of the machine base efficiency (40%) and the gasifier cold gas efficiency (80%). In absolute terms, there is an increase of about 7% with respect to the previous case. Only GT DIR REG has an efficiency comparable to the engine, as it practically reports the performance of the natural gas regenerative turbine, but the particularity of this solution has already been discussed. On the other hand, GT DIR SIM itself, despite the direct feeding advantage, suffers the poor performance of the simple cycle gas turbine, so that electrical efficiency is low. For the same reason, among GT GAS solutions, simple-cycle ones have low efficiencies, while a good result is reached (about 25%, analogous to the previous size) only with a regenerative cycle, and in particular, with a pressurised gasifier (GT GAS REG PRES). A similar efficiency is achieved by GT EXT CER, while the configuration with a metallic heat exchanger is always penalised by low maximum temperatures (however, its performance in both pressure configurations is better than the GT GAS SIM one). As regards ORC, since efficiencies are equal to those presented for 100 kWel, almost the same evaluation 160 First law efficiency [%]XCSPDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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