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and strengthening their social organisation, working in committees comprised equally of men and women. The Collective believes energy development must be designed from a comprehensive vision, to support the economic, social and environmental development of the communities, while promoting a participative democracy to strengthen social organisation with gender equity. k. Gender approach. Currently, most energy projects do not contribute to tackling gender imbalances even though a direct and unequivocal relationship between energy and gender has been largely demonstrated. Governments should incorporate a gender approach into their strategic energy planning as a key factor towards sustainable low-carbon development. Civil society initiaves are also important in this sense. For example, MAB in Brazil is training women in order to promote their participation in coordination roles; and a regional Gender and Energy Network has been launched by Christian Aid partner Centro Humboldt in Central America, to coordinate advocacy work to help eliminate inequities in access to energy. l. Comprehensive assessment system. Project assessment means focusing on the investments required for the implementation of various technologies, the operating and maintenance costs, and the revenue generated in a given period. Currently, assessments neglect the costs of externalities and co-benefits of different alternative solutions. The assessment of energy alternatives should include: • the actual costs of energy sources, ie internalising existing subsidies • the economic costs (eg ports, strengthening of transmission lines, etc), social costs (illness and death), and global and local environmental costs • the co-benefits of each of the available technologies. m.Financing. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the implementation of clean technology projects depends on state funding, whether it is to implement or to organise tenders. In order to achieve low- carbon development, funding must come from various funding sources, public, private or external. Some countries have made some progress towards regulating renewable energy supply. Chile, for example, has a regulation that states power supply companies must obtain 10% of their supply from renewable sources. It is essential that countries establish financial mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of renewable energy. Developed countries must support low-carbon development plans in Latin America and the Caribbean through technical assistance programmes and transfer of knowledge, technology and financial resources. n. Integrated monitoring and tracking. Low-carbon development requires monitoring, reporting and verification systems that assess the performance of low-carbon measures and mechanisms, in the short, medium and long term, while ensuring initiatives do not deviate from GHG reduction targets. These systems must be informed by a multidisciplinary perspective, including the participation of governmental institutions, private actors, civil society organisations and citizens in general. o. Carbon markets. Carbon markets have not reduced GHG emissions significantly, so they should not be considered a solution. 34 Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challengesPDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
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