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(PRODEEM), aiming to install solar home systems. Due to the lack of qualified technicians, the programme experienced technical difficulties, and eventually required investment to be diverted to fix the problems. Countries should promote training schemes for public officials, and the creation of a market for professionals and technicians. The implementation of long-term energy projects and investment in raising awareness about climate change and possible mitigation measures could help towards this goal. h. Power consumption. In recent years, power consumption has increased substantially in the Latin America and the Caribbean region, in some cases reaching the patterns of developed countries. This trend followed countries’ policies and regulations to expand the existing electrical infrastructure. This development model has led to a substantial increase in GHGs. The current model should be replaced by a more sustainable model which incorporates energy saving, energy efficiency and renewable energy deployment throughout the countries. The Bolivian Climate Change Platform believes the main barrier to low-carbon development is structural, as the regional economic model is limited to responding to the demands of the international market. This is worsening as globalisation takes place, changing the region’s consumption patterns and weakening the region’s small peasant family units living under low- carbon consumption patterns. i. Equitable energy development. Providing access to energy for the most vulnerable low-income population should remain a priority, in order to contribute to poverty reduction, as important levels of energy inequity remain across the region. For example, in Haiti, only 30% of the population has access to electricity. Even though Latin American and Caribbean countries have assistance policies targetting rural populations, these are not strong enough to substantially improve people’s living conditions in the short term or to achieve the goal of reducing energy poverty while improving quality of life. j. Social licence. Policies, measures and projects must ensure social sustainability, harmonising the collective interests in order to avoid social tensions. Countries should establish transparent mechanisms to guide energy project developers in the process of gaining social licence from the local communities. Many examples show that social conflicts arise from the implementation of energy projects, usually related to hydropower and biofuel projects that affect local people, generating disagreements between companies, the government and the population. Active participation of relevant partners must be ensured throughout the development and implementation of projects, to verify the accuracy of information provided by companies and ensure that the affected people fully understand the implications. Mechanisms should also include a human rights approach. Policies to gather the views of people that may be directly or indirectly affected by energy projects need to be incorporated into the government’s standard practices in order to establish permanent dialogue to reach agreement on issues relating to sustainable development. Participatory processes must be enhanced, both respecting the rights of the most vulnerable population and prioritising the communities’ best interest. Free, prior and informed consent and consultation must be inclusive at all levels to prevent social tensions arising. Christian Aid local partner in Guatemala the Madre Selva Collective applies a comprehensive approach when developing community- based hydropower plants for indigenous communities across the Quiche region in northwestern Guatemala. Before each project the Collective asks the communities to assess their own development expectations, analysing their environment and their agricultural activity, Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challenges 33PDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
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