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TABLE 1: U.S. GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS California Electrical Locality Output1 (MWe) The Geysers 1,137 Coso 260 Y ear Units 1960-89 23 1987-89 9 1982-96 10 1979-89 71 1985-93 14 1984-90 4 1989 1 1988 2 1985 2 1992 10 1988 1 1986-92 13 1987-91 9 1985 1 1989 14 1985 2 1987 4 1992 3 1984-87 2 1988 1 1985-90 5 1984 1 Comments Dry steam plants Flash plants Flash plants Binary plants Flash and Binary Binary plants Hybrid (geothermal/wood waste) Binary plants Binary plants Flash/binary plants Flash plant Flash and binary plants Binary plants Flash plant Binary plants Flash plants Binary plants, crop drying Flash plants Binary plant Flash plant Dry steam and binary Flash plant Hawaii Nevada Salton Sea East Mesa Heber Mammoth Lakes Honey Lake Amadee Hot Springs Susanville (Wineagle) Puna Dixie Valley Steamboat Springs Soda Lake Beowawe Stillwater Desert Peak Empire Brady Hot Springs Wabuska SBH3 Cove Fort 267 105 80 43 30 2 1 25 66 35 17 16 13 9 4 21 1 14 11 Utah Roosevelt Hot Spring 1Actual output for The Geysers, rated output for others. Currently geothermal energy is used to generate a total of about 8,000 MW of electricity in 21 countries. The United States is the largest user with about 2,200 MW of current capacity. A list of geothermal electric generating plants in the U.S. is shown in Table 1 (1). Most of the geothermal power in the U.S. is generated in California and Nevada with California accounting for over 90% of installed capacity. A considerable amount of this power (1,137 MW) is generated at The Geysers in Northern California, which has hosted a number of commercial geothermal power plants since the first one was built there in 1960. The Geysers, like Larderello, is a fairly unusual (and ideal) resource, because its wells produce virtually pure steam with no water. It has been estimated that identified hydrothermal resources in the U.S. could provide 23,000 MWe for 30 years, and undiscovered resources might provide 5 times that amount 20 (2). If it were to become economic to tap into more widespread “hot dry rock” resources (which involves deeper drilling and injection of water to recover the heat), the U.S. geothermal energy resource would be sufficient to provide our current electric demand for tens of thousands of years. Although steam plants tend to release some gases from the geothermal fluid, amounts are usually small, and there are suitable means for mitigating most of these releases. Thus geothermal energy tends to be quite clean. In fact, Lake County, which is the location of The Geysers geothermal power plants, is reported to be the only county in California that is in compliance with all of California’s air quality regulations. While geothermal energy is very clean, it is not as renewable as solar and wind energy. Like the energy of thePDF Image | STATUS AND FUTURE OF GEOTHERMAL ELECTRIC POWER
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