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21.3.1.6 Contribution to National Demand According to the EIA, in 2010, geothermal electricity generation was 15,009 TWh, which was 0.38% of the total U.S. electrical generation of 3,950.3 TWh. Geothermal electricity generation was 3.6% of all renewable production, which was 417.7 TWh including conventional hydropower (17). 21.3.2 DirectUse Note: This section includes some 2009 data, because 2010 data is not available. 21.3.2.1 Installed Thermal Power The installed direct use capacity in 2009 was 12,611.46 MWth and had an annual energy use of 56,551.8 TJ/yr (15,709 GWh/yr) (18). 21.3.2.2 Thermal Energy Used According to the EIA, direct use and heat pump production in 2010 in the U.S. was 37 trillion Btu for residential, 4 trillion Btu for industrial and 19 trillion Btu for commercial. Based on the EIA‘s conversion of 3,412 Btu/kWh, the total residential energy consumed was 10,844 GWh, industrial was 1,172 GWh and commercial was 5,569 GWh. The total 2010 energy consumption for direct use and heat pumps was about 17,585 GWh (19). The U.S. installed geothermal heat pump capacity in 2009 was 12,000 MWth and had a capacity factor of 0.13. The energy consumed totalled 47,400 TJ/yr (13,177 GWh/yr). In 2009, the installed capacity for direct uses, excluding heat pumps, was estimated to be 611.46 MWth with an annual consumption of 9,151.8 TJ/yr (2,544 GWh/yr). All non-heat pump direct uses had a calculated capacity factor of 0.47 (20). 21.3.2.3 Category Use Geothermal energy is used for numerous direct use applications within the United States, including for space heating, cooling, greenhouses, fish farming, industrial processes, snow melting and swimming pools (21). 21.3.2.4 New Developments During 2010 U.S. Capacity Increases 6%- U.S. geothermal energy capacity grew 6% in 2009, due to six new geothermal plants which cam online, adding 176.68 MWe. Three new projects came online in Nevada, and one project came online in California, Oregon and Utah. According to the Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), the U.S. geothermal capacity reached 3,152.72 MWe in August of 2009. Three EGS Demonstration Projects- The Program invested US$ 51.4 million in three demonstrations projects seeking to create and sustain EGS reservoirs, demonstrate the state of the art in reservoir creation and collect empirical data to guide research and development priorities. The demonstrations have the potential to add 150 MWe to the grid, and will demonstrate the technical feasibility of EGS technology in a variety of geologic conditions. Additionally, the projects will overcome technical barriers, including: defining fracture systems, controlling water loss, and curbing high costs of deep well drilling. American Recovery and Reinvestment Act 2009- Under ARRA, up to US$ 61.9 million was announced for ground-source heat pump (GSHP) technologies in the categories of data gathering 246PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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