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900 800 700 600 ~ ORC TURBOGENERATOR DESIGN FOR PETROLEUM & CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Mechanical Technology Incorporated (MTI) has devel oped an ORC turbomachinery design and application concept that is well adapted to the petroleum refin ing and chemical industries. Furthermore, it is a unified product line centered on the stated design criteria. R-113 was selected for the cycle working fluid after comparative studies of candidate fluids. Thecharac teristics and operating conditions of R-113 ORC systems are shown in Table 5. The first four items should be dominant factors in selecting a working fluid. Users' perceptions of risks arising from ORC systems in their plants could impede ready accept tance despite obvious economic benefits. A relati vely benign fluid was considered essential. TABLE 5 CHARACTERISTICS OF R-113 ORC WORKING FLUID Virtually Nontoxic Non-carcinogenic Non-flammable Widely available at moderate cost Chemically inert, non-corrosive eli 500 ~ i " lj 300 200 100 Refinery Process or Unit Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation (Crude Unit) Fluid Catalytic Cracker Gulfining Units Catalytic Reforming Unit Size kW 3.4 2.6 2.2 2.9 2.7 1.7 2.5 Temp. of 300 & 328 292 & 430 >250 >250 >250 >320 >250 >250 0 Good thermal stability to 300 F ~10lecular w e i g h t : 1 8 7 . 3 8 0 Atmospheric boiling point: l17.63 F Range of typical ORC Cycle Operating Conditions: evaporator: temperature, of: 180. - 260. pressure, psia: 41.2 - 114.3 condenser: temperature, of: 80. - 110. pressure, psia: 6.9 - 12. Isentropic turbine expansion: "drying" process The turbomachinery design was directed toward achievement of the following objectives: simplicity of design; maximum reliability; long term, maintenance-free operation; minimum required support systems; protection against incursion of foreign substances; commonality of components over the broadest possible power range. The design used to achieve these objectives is schematically illustrated in Figure 2. The concept is similar to that of hermetic motor-compressor units widely used in commercial water chillers. All rotating components of the ORC system (excluding condensate pumps) are mounted on a single shaft and 518 Thermal Hydro-dealkylation Unit 1.5 TOTAL 1 9 . 5 Average System Size 2.4 kW Temperature level Of Figure 1 Total Energy Available for Potential Recovery Above Various Temperature Levels from Air and Water Cooled Exchangers in a 200,000 bbl/day Oil Refinery TABLE 4 POTENTIAL ORC SYSTEMS IN 200,000 BBL/DAY REFINERY The available data do not define individual process streams within each refinery unit, so some specula tion was employed in estimating the ORC system sizes shown in Table 4. Nonetheless, it is believed that the data of Table 4 are a good first approximation for a typical refinery. Design criteria for appli cable ORC systems could be summarized as: 0 0 Heat source temperature: 250 F - 430 F System size range: 1500 kW - 3500 kW Average system size: 2400 kW These design criteria are in fair agreemtnt with those summarized earlier from reference 1. 500 Proceedings from the Third Industrial Energy Technology Conference Houston, TX, April 26-29, 1981 ESL-IE-81-04-90PDF Image | ORC WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN REFINERIES AND CHEMICAL Process
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