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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. The results for the various costs components, revenues and profits are shown in Table 4.2.6 for 0.6 and 0.8 CL to natural gas price ratio and assuming a harvest cost of $68.5/BDT. The natural gas price was assumed to be $11.85 $/GJ. The results show that at a price ratio of 0.6, making CL and Furfural may be economical if the CL is sold locally to a user in BC and in Alberta. When sold in Alberta, the ROI is 21.3% as shown in Table 4.2.7. When the price ratio is increased to 0.8, transporting the CL by ship to Europe becomes profitable. Table 4.2.6 0.6 0.8 1 Possible Selling Price of CL $135.1 $180.2 $225.2 CL/NG price ratio CL Costs per $/Tonne Table 4.2.7 Note: Pellets costs vary from $156 to $170 per tonne Return on Investment Assuming Freighted to Alberta, CL/NG = 0.6 and $15/tonne of CO2 Carbon Credit IRR (over 10 years) Harvest at $68.5/tonne Harvest at $106/tonne Incentive at $106/tonne for 10% ROI 21.3% 0.5% $15.30$/BDT Table 4.2.7 shows that when the harvest cost becomes $106 per BDT, the ROI becomes 0.5% and a subsidy of $15.30 per BDT is required to achieve an ROI of 10% when the CL is shipped to Alberta and a price ratio of CL to NG of 0.6 is assumed. Currently, it is economically favorable to ship CL produced in Brazil to Italy [Pinatti 2005] if the CL is used by an industry located along the coastline in Italy, as the energy saved from natural gas displacements can result in significant cost savings. For BC, the cost of labor mainly associated with the harvesting of the forest affects the economics. Brazil is looking at growing new energy crops which will significantly increase the costs of obtaining the biomass feedstock. In BC, using available biomass wastes to avoid bugwood harvesting costs would make the proposed approach very economical. It may also be possible to improve the economics by developing mobile units to integrate the harvesting and prehydrolysis components together and allow remote operation without any grid interconnects. In this way, two high-value commodities totaling approximately $170 to $210 per BDT of bugwood with carbon credits included would be removed from the forest with only consumables being brought in. Table 4.2.8 shows the relative difference in heat densities and the cost of various energy sources. As can be seen, CL has 56.7% the energy density of fuel oil and 88% of bituminous coal. If CL could be used interchangeably with fuel oil, there would be no price difference. It is the market price for CL for industries in the Pacific basin located along the ocean shoreline (California, Shanghai, Japan, and Vancouver) which is presently unknown. One remaining option is to investigate power production at the prehydrolysis plant. By constraining the plant to be in a grid connected area, the transport of CL can be eliminated by producing power directly with a gas turbine system. For example, the large 540 BDT/day plant proposed in Table 4.2.2 would produce a net power of 22 MWe after removing the 2.2 MWe parasitic power required to operate the plant. Alternatively, the CL can be shipped to a larger facility but this alterative is more difficult to implement. Although the power option is attractive, it Page 35PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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