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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. 1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, a mountain pine beetle infestation of unprecedented size and intensity has killed a large number of pine trees in the interior of BC. If the epidemic continues at its current rate there will be a large quantity of dead pine that will be unusable for traditional forestry products (called "bugwood" in this report). While recently killed trees can best be used for higher-end uses in wood products manufacturing and the pulp & paper sectors, the quantity is overwhelming. It is expected that 400 to 500 million m3 will remain unharvested by 2024 [Eng 2005], which is equivalent to the energy in 500 million barrels of oil (based on calorific value). The large amount of infested wood and the increasing amount that is too deteriorated for conversion to quality products suggests alternative treatments be considered. The authors believe that energy applications for bugwood may present a good way to utilize wood that cannot be used in higher-end applications. Energy solutions can offer social benefits, such as employment creation, and at the same time, contribute to BC’s greenhouse gas emission reduction targets. Energy recovery from bugwood can mitigate the costs of bugwood management and forest rehabilitation, and prevent wildfires, even offering a net profit in some situations. Previous work completed for the BIOCAP Foundation [BIOCAP 2005] focused on a very large- scale biomass plant (300 MW) to produce electricity in the BC Interior. This present report studies a range of decentralised options to address the bugwood problem. The technologies all focus on energy uses of the wood and were selected in cooperation with the BC Government. The technologies examined convert bugwood to: • pellets (for energy use in industrial or residential applications); • briquettes (with pre-hydrolysis); • combined heat and power in distributed, small-scale facilities; • bio-liquid; • ethanol; • methanol; and, • wood gas, which is purified to natural gas pipeline specifications. Combinations of the above technologies are possible. Care was taken during the analysis to determine the influence of pre-treatment of the wood on transportation costs. For example, a concentration of energy in the form of bio-liquid or briquettes will reduce the volumes to be transported. Each technology is examined with respect to its commercial availability, its suitability for decentralised, mobile or semi-mobile applications (taking into account electricity and fuel autonomy and water or other process requirements), the economics and the markets for the main product and potential co-products. The analysis also addresses long-term financial viability issues by assessing the chances of securing feedstock for each plant mid-term using the bugwood resource and long-term from other forest and alternative biomass feedstocks. Recent applications, pilot projects and research related to each technology are referenced in the report. For each technology, a greenhouse gas (GHG) analysis was undertaken that provides an initial quantification of emission reductions flowing from each process. Potential revenues from the sale of carbon offsets were included in the financial analysis. Locations and potentials for each technology are derived as a function of the aforementioned parameters. Based on the findings, recommendations are made as to which technologies are Page 1PDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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