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BC Bugwood Envirochem Services Inc. Table 2.2.1 Table 2.2.2 Table 2.3.1 Table 2.4.1 Table 2.4.2 Table 3.1.1 Table 3.2.1 Table 3.2.2 Table 4.1.1 Table 4.2.1 Table 4.2.2 Table 4.2.3 Table 4.2.4 Table 4.2.5 Table 4.2.6 Table 4.2.7 Table 4.2.8 Table 4.3.1 Table 4.3.2 Table 4.3.3 Table 4.4.1 Table 4.5.1 Table 4.5.2 Table 4.6.1 Table 4.6.2 Table 4.6.3 Table 4.6.4 Table 4.6.5 Table 4.7.1 Table 4.7.2 Table 5.2.1 Table 5.2.2 Table 5.2.3 Table 6.1.1 Table 6.1.2 List of Tables Percentage of Pine Stands in BC .......................................................................... 7 Percentage of Pine Stands in BC and Resulting Daily Harvest* per Cutting Crew in 2011 ......................................................................................................... 8 Truck Transportation Limiting Parameters .......................................................... 10 Comparison of Study Input Parameters .............................................................. 12 Assumptions on Feedstock Composition ............................................................ 12 Harvesting Costs ................................................................................................. 13 Transportation Cost for Selected Options ........................................................... 14 Parameters for Transport .................................................................................... 15 Annual Cost Overview for a 50 t/h Pellet Plant.................................................... 20 Properties of Cellulignin ...................................................................................... 25 Prehydrolysis Plant Size...................................................................................... 27 Details of the Prehydrolysis Reactor ................................................................... 27 Approximate Distribution and Location of Prehydrolysis Plants .......................... 28 Costs Analysis of Making Briquettes in BC Using Prehydrolysis......................... 34 Possible Selling Price of CL ................................................................................ 35 Return on Investment Assuming Freighted to Alberta, CL/NG = 0.6 and $15/tonne of CO2 Carbon Credit......................................................................... 35 Comparison of Fuel Heating Value, Density and Costs ...................................... 36 Annual Cost Overview for a 250 kWe Entropic CHP Plant (21 m3/day @ 95% utilization “off-grid”).............................................................................................. 45 Annual Cost Overview for a 2 MWe Entropic CHP Plant (165 m3/day @ 95% utilization “on-grid”).............................................................................................. 46 Annual Cost Overview for a 2 MWe Entropic CHP Plant (165 m3/day @ 95% utilization “off-grid”).............................................................................................. 46 Annual Cost Overview for a 100 tonne/day Bio-liquid Plant ................................ 52 Expected Revenues from Sale of Products and Co-Products ............................. 57 Annual Cost Overview for a 35,000 bdt Lignol Plant ........................................... 58 Gasification Reactions......................................................................................... 65 Typical Syngas Composition from Different Types of Gasifiers Entrained flow, Direct and Indirect Fluidized Bed, Air or O2 ......................................................... 65 Steam Reforming Reactions................................................................................ 67 Methanol Synthesis Reactions ............................................................................ 67 Cost Analysis of Three 1000/BDT Stationary Gasification Scenarios. ................ 70 Anticipated Synthetic Natural Gas Quality and Pipeline Specifications Compared to Methanation Step Requirements and the Untreated Syngas ........ 76 Production Cost of Synthetic Natural Gas from Bugwood ................................... 78 Cost Comparison of 1 GJ Delivered by Truck at a Distance of 500 km (+150 km Feedstock Transport to Plant) ............................................................. 83 Cost Comparison of 1 GJ Delivered by Train at a Distance of 1,000 km (+150 km Feedstock Transport to Plant by Truck) .............................................. 83 Net GHG Emission Reductions and Resulting Carbon Credits ........................... 86 Feasibility of Bugwood-to-Energy Technologies ................................................. 92 Example of Potential Cost Reduction from the Collection of Non-Stem Wood in the Quesnel Area (simplified, year 2011) ........................................................ 93 Page ixPDF Image | IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE USES FOR BIOMASS
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