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Figure 27: Latin America's Electricity Generation by Source 100% 90% 80% 70% others 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% oil products nuclear hydro natural gas fuel oil coal 1970 1980 1990 2008 Source: OLADE SIEE Database The use of natural gas for electricity generation has expanded rapidly in the last decade and now accounts for 22 percent of Latin America’s electricity mix. Fuel oil as a feedstock for electricity generation, on the other hand, has declined from 21 percent in 1970 to 8 percent in 2008. Market deregulation, liberalization, and privatization of the electricity and hydrocarbon sectors have encouraged the use of gas in power generation. New technologies such as combined cycle and gas-fired cogeneration allowed private investors to invest in gas-fired power projects that required lower levels of upfront investment yet offered shorter payout periods. This expansion occurred mostly in Brazil, Mexico, and the Southern Cone. In Mexico and Chile, gas-fired electricity generation also addressed growing concern about the health effects of coal-fired electricity generation, particularly near urban centers such as Mexico City and Santiago. In Brazil, the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso set an objective: to use natural gas for at least 10 percent of electricity generation. The move came in reaction to the nation’s dependency on hydroelectricity, which was vulnerable to changing weather patterns. Similar concern existed in Colombia. Chile’s enthusiasm for gas-fired electricity generation was unusual given that, unlike other countries, it lacked domestic supplies. Bolivia was the most economical source of natural gas, but acquiring it carried political risk since Bolivia still claimed access to Chile’s Pacific coast. So Chile opted for imports from Argentina to meet its rapidly growing demand for electricity. However, that made Chile vulnerable when 32PDF Image | Infrastructure and Environment Department
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