Infrastructure and Environment Department

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Infrastructure and Environment Department ( infrastructure-and-environment-department )

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Figure 26: World and Latin American Electricity Production and GDP Growth 10 8 6 4 2 0 "71-80" "81-90" "91-00" "01-09" GDP latin america "electricity production world "electricity production latin america GDP world Source: Based on Ariel Yepes et al., Meeting the Balance of Electricity Supply and Demand in Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank 2010 Electricity’s fast growth, above 8 percent, coincided with the economic expansion of 5.7 percent and rapid industrialization in the 1970’s. In the 1980s, the world’s electricity production grew faster than that of Latin America where, during that period, economies were undergoing the economic impact of the debt crisis. The region’s GDP growth averaged 1.2 percent per year, below the global 3.1 percent growth rate. The 1990s saw an economic recovery in Latin American and resumed growth in electricity generation— surpassing world production rates. In the last decade Latin America’s electricity production and GDP have expanded at higher rates than the world average; electricity rose by 3.3 percent and GDP by 3.1 percent per year. Latin America has the cleanest electricity mix in the world, as measured by greenhouse gas emissions, thanks to the prominence of hydroelectricity. However, the structure of the electricity generation varies significantly by country or group of countries. The Caribbean and Central America—except Costa Rica—rely mostly on oil products for power generation. Mexico has greater diversity of sources powering electricity, with gas playing a key role, followed by oil products and coal. Hydroelectricity dominates in Brazil and the Andean Zone. In the Southern Cone, hydroelectricity is also the most important source of electricity, followed by natural gas. 31

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