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Energy and exergy analysis of an efficient organic Rankine cycle for low temperature power generation Sami understanding of how the renewable energy facilities integrate into the existing fossil-based generation systems. In the long term, these renewable electricity generation systems will require development to benefit the current electricity system. These new systems will require an improved services capacity, be more efficient, relatively cheap to run and maintain and utilise ecologically-friendly chemicals. Developing such systems will largely be tied to growth in the renewable energy distributed generation systems and will require an understanding and demonstration of renewable energy distributed generation systems which are used in combination with fossil-based generation. Recent problems in electricity production emphasise the urgent need for a renewable approach to support the current electricity system, increase its existing capacity, and, equally important, benefit the environment by reducing the need to build more power plants and utilise environmentally-friendly chemicals. The Organic Rankine Cycle, (ORC), is a non- superheating thermodynamic cycle. An organic Rankine cycle uses a heated chemical instead of steam as found in the Rankine cycle. Chemicals used in this Organic Rankine Cycle include new refrigerant mixtures that are environmentally- friendly (Patent No. 6101813 by Sami, [3]). Organic compounds generally have a higher molecular mass. This gives relatively small volume streams and results in a compact size ORC unit. It also enables high turbine efficiency up to 80% see Klaver [12] and Obernbereger [14]. Another advantage of using organic compounds is that they do not need to be super- heated. Unlike steam organic compounds they do not form liquid droplets upon expansion in the turbine. An absence of steam prevents erosion of the turbine blades and enables design flexibility on the heat exchangers, Klaver [12]. From an operational standpoint, the ORC requires little maintenance. Its operation can be automated and unmanned. Its part-load performance is good and start-stop procedures are simple. The efficiency of an ORC is estimated to be between 10 and 20%, depending on the temperature levels of the evaporator and condenser. Increasing the evaporator- and/or decreasing the condenser temperatures results in higher efficiencies Larjola [15]. The energy performance is usually evaluated by the first law of thermodynamics, however, comparing energy analysis to exergy analysis can better project and show areas of inefficiencies. The results of that analysis can also be used to optimise and enhance the performance power cycles. Various energy and exergy analyses, Rosen and Dincer [16], Rosen [17], Ozgener et al. [18] and Kanoglu et al. [19] of power cycles have been reported. This research work has been undertaken to enhance our understanding of the Organic Rankine Cycle using a quaternary refrigerant mixture which is considered as a new alternative fluid that enhances the typical ORC performance. Energy and exergy analyses were applied to better understand the benefits of using the said quaternary refrigerant mixture. ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE An Organic Rankine Cycle, (ORC), engine is a standard steam engine that utilises heated vapour to drive a turbine. Figure 1 illustrates the basic 002 Air intake Steam turbine Fuel Gas turbine Bypass stack Stack Steam Waste heat recovery boiler Fuel Condensate Pump Figure 1 Typical Rankine cycle.PDF Image | Energy and exergy analysis of an efficient organic Rankine cycle for low temperature power generation
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