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Energy and exergy analysis of an efficient organic Rankine cycle for low temperature power generation Sami components of an Organic Rankine Cycle. However, this vapour is a heated organic chemical instead of a superheated water steam. The organic chemicals used by an ORC include Freon and most of the other traditional refrigerants, iso- pentane, CFCs, HFCs, butane, propane, and ammonia. The traditional refrigerants require a high temperature heat source. What differentiates the author’s patented quaternary refrigerant mixture (Sami et al. [3]) from the traditional refrigerants, is that the patented quaternary refrigerant mixture boils at extremely low temperatures and is capable of capturing heat at temperatures less than 150oF (65oC); thus generating power from low and medium waste heat. Figure 2 presents a typical P-H diagram of the mixture (R125/R123/R124/R134a), where the saturation temperature varies at constant pressure. The degree of variation or gliding temperature depends upon the mixture components and their boiling points as well as thermodynamic and physical properties. The composition of refrigerant mixture can be adjusted to boil the mixture and generate power at a wide range of temperatures from as low as 150oF (65oC) to 1100oF (593oC). Typical refrigerants require a minimum of 500oF (260oC) to generate power. Using the patented quaternary refrigerant mixture the system can produce power from captured low and medium heat in applications such as process industries, solar energy and geothermal energy. Using this quaternary refrigerant mixture, the author’s patented ORC reduces emissions. Compared with using a typical fossil fuel, using the ORC described reduces NOx by over 4 tons per year and significantly reduces CO2. Further, the patented quaternary refrigerant mixture has a long life-cycle and requires reduced maintenance and repair costs. These factors result in a relatively short payback period for the initial investment compared to using existing ORC systems. Therefore, the author is able to use ORC technology, ACE [5], to recover what is typically waste heat. Apart from utilising for environmentally sound power regeneration what is typically an unrecoverable waste heat source from, for example, hot flue gases wasted at smoke stacks at various temperatures, solar energy using different collector geometries, and geothermal energy as well as grey water, a by-product at process industries, the author is able to produce cheaper, more ecologically-friendly power, due to the lower boiling temperature of his patented quaternary refrigerant mixture and its higher latent heat of evaporation. Thermodynamic and thermo physical properties Figure 2 Typical Pressure-Enthalpy diagram of the refrigerant mixture. Enthalpy (kJ/kg) 003PDF Image | Energy and exergy analysis of an efficient organic Rankine cycle for low temperature power generation
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