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Approaches and Tasks 4.4.2.3.1 Solar-Thermal Hydrogen Status: Solar thermochemical hydrogen production is based on concentrated solar thermal energy driving chemical reactions. Most of the research has employed point focus-dish or central-receiver concepts. Hydrogen can also be processed using solar energy to “split” water via direct photochemical methods. This effort will evaluate solar hydrogen production concepts in concert with DOE’s Hydrogen Program. Challenges: The systems-driven approach is ideal for evaluating the possibilities. P. Identify a solar-driven hydrogen production process that is cost effective when compared with renewable and nonrenewable options. Technology Approaches and Tasks Task 7, Solar-Thermal Hydrogen: • Establish a system-driven framework for identifying and comparing cost-effective methods for the production of hydrogen from solar thermal energy 4.4.2.3.2 Direct Conversion Status: Direct conversion of solar energy into hydrogen is typically associated with water splitting using photovoltaic or thermochemical processes. This is a high-risk project that could yield large payoff benefits because hydrogen could be produced without carbon dioxide release. These approaches are technically feasible; conversion efficiencies for producing hydrogen increased significantly during the 1990s to values above 12%. It is appropriate to work in concert with DOE’s Hydrogen Program to evaluate the production of hydrogen through electrolysis powered by solar electricity. These approaches are also promising for other inexpensive renewable electricity sources, such as hydroelectricity, geothermal, or wind- generated electricity. It appears appropriate to review the possibilities, in light of progress made over the past decade and in terms of the High-Performance PV Project goals, for very-high- efficiency concentrator PV systems that have the potential for a more rapid reduction in the cost of electricity as production capacity increases and a potential for electricity costs approaching wind-generated electricity costs. Challenges: Direct conversion faces the following challenges: Q. Identify solar cell devices with appropriate voltages for generating hydrogen, while mitigating corrosion effects either through device design or protective coatings R. Employ a systems-driven approach to identify opportunities and barriers for cost-effective direct conversion of solar energy into hydrogen. Technology Approaches and Tasks Task 8, Direct Conversion: • Establish a systems-driven framework for identifying limitations and opportunities for the direct conversion of solar energy to hydrogen through enabling PV technologies • Assess innovative approaches for mitigating corrosion effects in direct conversion of solar to hydrogen • Assess the potential for concentrating PV or hybrid concentrator/electrolyzer/fuel cell systems to produce cost-effective hydrogen. Schedule and Milestones (Refer to Table 4.4-2). Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 131PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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