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Sander Figure 1: Heat flow map of South America (Cardoso et al., 2010) Figure 1 also shows that large parts of Central America are located in regions with high temperature alterations. In the following some highlights of selected countries are outlined: Bolivia: Drilling took place at Laguna Colorada in the Cordillera Occidental at elevations above 4,000 m in the southwest of Bolivia near the Chilean border. Haraldsson (2011) estimates that potential for at least 120-300 MW exist and that funds are expected to be provided by the Inter-American Development Bank. The state power company Empresa Nacional de Electricidad (ENDE) leads project development and a confirmation for the government’s motivation is declared in the power generation expansion plan wherein geothermal power plants are marked to come online by July 2017 and January 2018 respectively. Chile: According to Lahsen, Muñoz and Parada (2010) geothermal resources occur in close spatial relationship with active volcanism. Two main volcanic zones exist: the northern one extends from 17°S to 28°S and the southern zone extends from 33°S to 46°S. Lahsen et al. report that geological, geochemical and geophysical surveys and drilling operations were carried out in many geothermal areas. A preliminary assessment of the geothermal potential of the country indicates an electricity generation potential in the order of 16,000 MW for 50 years with temperatures exceeding 150°C, withdrawn from a depth less than 3,000 m. Colombia: A national inventory was conducted in 1982 already. Identified geothermal sites include the Complejo Volcánico Parque Natural Los Nevados, Cumbal, Azufral de Túquerres and Paipa-Izade. A binational project exists with Ecuador on the border: Chiles-Cerro Negro-Tufiño. Ecuador: Prefeasibility studies exist for Tufiño, Cachimbiro, Chalupas, Chalpatán and Proyecto Geotérmico Binacional Chiles- Cerro Negro-Tufiño. Currently, hydro power dominates the electricity mix with 51%. Haraldsson (2011) reports that Ecuador imports approximately 500 GWh of electricity from Colombia and Peru annually. Peru: In Peru a geothermal development plan (Plan Maestro) and a geothermal law exists which regulates concession processes and resource use (Ley orgánico de Recursos Geotérmicos, Ley 26848). Prefeasibilities already exist for a number of sites in the 2PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Role of International Development Partners
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