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southern area (Eje Volcánico Sur), i.e. Calientes, Borateras, Ancocollo and Tutupaca. In 2012 a total of 21 authorizations were awarded to develop geothermal sites. It must be noted however that the Peruvian hydro potential and use dominate other renewable energy technologies. 2.2 Geothermal Resources in Central America In Central America the Cocos plate and the Caribbean plate converge, cause volcanic activities and created accessible geothermal reservoirs (see Figure 2). Various geothermal power plants already exist and contribute significantly to the countries' energy mix. Just over 500 MW are currently installed in the region. In El Salvador for example 25% of power generated derives from the use of geothermal resources. Also, increasing interest exists for direct use applications. Figure 2: Tectonic setting of Central America and subduction of the Cocos plate under the Caribbean plate and the active volcanic chain (adapted from Chandrasekharam and Bundschuh, 2008) In the following a brief country overview of the geothermal projects is provided (GIZb 2013): Costa Rica: Two geothermal power plants with a total installed capacity of 206 MWe are operated by ICE (Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad). The power generated contributes with 15% to the national energy mix. Various geothermal sites are under development in Pailas, Borinquen and Pocosol. El Salvador: Two geothermal power plants with the total installed capacity of 204 MWe are operated by LaGeo, the national geothermal company. Further geothermal sites under resource assessment include Chinameca, San Vicente and Lago Coatepeque. In El Salvador the Regional Geothermal Training Centre (Centro Regional de Entrenamiento en Geotermia = CREG) is under development. Guatemala: Two geothermal power plants exist in the country with a total installed capacity of 49 MWe. Further development is underway in El Ceibillo. Honduras: In Honduras a range of projects are under development at Platanares, Azacualpa, San Ignacio, Sambo Creek and Pavana. Nicaragua: In Nicaragua 154 MWe are generated at two geothermal power plants: Momotombo and San Jacinto. Further research is conducted at Casita-San Cristóbal, Managua-Chiltepe, El Hoyo-Monte Galán and Volcán Cosigüina. Panama: So far geothermal fluids are mainly used for the tourist industry. One power generation is in development at Barú- Colorado. Sander 3PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Development in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Role of International Development Partners
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