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Frontiers in Heat Pipes (FHP), 4, 023004 (2013) DOI: 10.5098/fhp.v4.2.3004 3. ROTATING HEAT PIPE As far as the heat transfer properties of the KDT are concerned the KDT is a variation of the rotating heat pipe (RHP). One attribute of the RHP are the large heat transfer coefficients. The RHP is a variation of the heat pipe: a heat transfer device that has been developed since the 1960s which is shown in Fig. 3. Gray (1969) formulated the initial proposal of a RHP and an overview is given by Reay and Kew (2006). On the evaporator side the heat evaporates the liquid. The pressure on the high temperature side is higher than on the low temperature side resulting in a flow of the vapor to the condenser. The condensed liquid is returned to the evaporator side either by gravity (thermosyphon) or by the capillary (heat pipe) forces. Since the vapor and liquid fluid reside in the same space, there are no large temperature and pressure differences in this RHP. Therefore the rotating heat pipe is not designed as thermal engine, where large pressure differences are necessary, despite some earlier considerations by Nguyen (T. Nguyen et al., 1999). Global Digital Central ISSN: 2155-658X The total pressure on the inner cylinder wall is the sum of the gas pressure and the centrifugal pressure from the rotating liquid. If the gas pressure in the lower chamber is increased then there will be a new equilibrium. Part of the liquid is pushed through the gap in the upper chamber. The total pressure on the cylinder wall must be equal: In the lower chamber the gas pressure (p*) is increased and the centrifugal pressure lowered. In the upper chamber the gas pressure (p) remains the same and the centrifugal pressure increases (since there is more liquid there), as shown in Fig. 5. The rotating dividing plate has an important function: It effectively seals the chambers in collaboration with the liquid and therefore different gas pressures can be maintained in the chambers. Fig. 5 Same as Fig.4 with different pressure in evaporator and condenser. Fig. 6 Comparison between KDT and Rotating Heat Pipe. In Fig. 6 a comparison between KDT and RHP is given. Here p1 is the gas pressure in the upper chamber, p2 in the lower chamber. The radius r1 is the distance of the fluid surface from the center in the upper chamber, r3 in the lower chamber. r2 and r4 are the radii of the upper chamber and lower chamber. T1 is temperature of the condensate, T2 temperature of the vapor. The right side of Fig. 6 is from Song et al (2003). If one now introduces holes in the partitioning plate allowing for vapor transfer from one chamber to another, one can see the similarity between the RHP and the KDT. The lower chamber serves as evaporator and the upper chamber as condenser. In a traditional RHP as shown in Fig. 3 only relatively small pressure gradients between evaporator and condenser are possible. Fig. 3 Processes in the rotating heat pipe. Description is from Song (Song et al., 2003). In a RHP the condensed fluid is returned as a result of the centrifugal forces. Sometimes the condenser end of an RHP has an inclination (taper angle). This form increases the centrifugal forces, i.e. improves the flow back to the evaporator. 4. FROM RHP TO KDT The step from RHP to KDT is the introduction of a dividing plate. One can view the KDT as a rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid, divided by a plate. Between the edge of the plate and the inner wall of the cylinder there is a small gap. The “Newtonian Bucket” effect pushes the liquid up the cylinder wall, covering the gap. The liquid then seals the gap which has a width s, effectively insulating the upper and the lower chamber from each other (Fig. 4). Fig. 4 Sketch of a fast rotating cylinder partially filled with liquid. 2PDF Image | Frontiers in Heat Pipes
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