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Frontiers in Heat Pipes Available at www.ThermalFluidsCentral.org ABSTRACT Current power plant technology needs to be simplified in order to be useful for small-scale systems. The small-scale turbine which represents an integrated small power plant originally invented at the Hochschule Darmstadt addresses this demand. Essentially, it is a very special application of a rotating heat pipe. It consists of rotating parts, thus reversing the traditional arrangement in a turbine. The device is divided by a plate into an evaporation and condensation chamber. This construction allows higher pressure differences so that a RHP can operate as a central part of a small power plant. Keywords: Rotating Heat Pipe, Small-Scale Turbine, Micro CHP, solar thermal power. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- *Corresponding author, Email: ralf.rieger@dhbc.de Frontiers in Heat Pipes (FHP), 4, 023004 (2013) Global Digital Central DOI: 10.5098/fhp.v4.2.3004 ISSN: 2155-658X THE COMPACT STEAM TURBINE –A NOVEL APPROACH TO SMALL SCALE COMBINED HEAT AND POWER GENERATION Markus Kleya, Rüdiger Kretschmerb, Yorck Leschberb, Ralf Riegerb,* a Hochschule Aalen, Beethovenstr. 1, 73430 Aalen, Germany b DHBC e.V., Schlossberg 12, 67366 Weingarten, Germany 1. INTRODUCTION It was pointed out that small-scale CHP systems need to be simplified in order to be competitive with medium or large-scale systems (Dong et al., 2009). A novel approach is the Kompakte Dampf Turbine (KDT, meaning compact steam turbine), originally invented at the Hochschule Darmstadt, which addresses this demand (Heddrich et al., 2004). In this article, the compact steam turbine is examined in relation to a rotating heat pipe (RHP). The KDT can serve in a cogeneration plant (micro- CHP) to convert thermal energy into electricity, the remaining energy being used for heating. The KDT is about 30 cm in diameter and about 30 cm in height. With an additional external power generator it represents a complete power plant, not only a turbine. One big advantage of the KDT is its simplicity. For its construction only very few parts are necessary (Fig.1), namely an evaporator, a turbine which consists of a rotating cylinder with a rotating dividing plate and nozzles on it plus an optional blade wheel system. Through the rotational force the turbine also acts as a pump. 2. THE NEWTONIAN BUCKET AS THE UNDERLYING MECHANICAL PRINCIPLE One of the crucial principles of the KDT is the “Newtonian Bucket”. This term describes a cylinder partially filled with a liquid and set in rotation. Depending on the speed of rotation ω, the free surface of the liquid is at first parabolic rapidly assuming the shape of an annular tube. The pressure on the inner wall is the sum of atmospheric pressure and the pressure due to the centrifugal force of the rotating liquid (Fig. 2). The shape of the surface (eqs. (1) and (2)) is derived in many textbooks, for example Sigloch (2004). (1) (2) Fig. 2 The principle of "Newtonian bucket". 1 Fig. 1 Sketch of the KDT.PDF Image | Frontiers in Heat Pipes
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