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effectively in remote and urban areas. The important renewable energy sources include hydro, wind, biomass, solar and geothermal. The use of renewable energy, including traditional biomass was 1684 million tons of oil equivalents (Mtoe) in 2010, accounting for 13% of the global primary energy demand. Hydropower, which is the largest source of renewable-based electricity, remains stable. Electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) grew by 27% and 42%, respectively per year on average during this period [3]. Table 2 lists the renewable electric power global capacity of the top countries. Maintaining reliable and secure electricity services while seeking to rapidly decarbonize power systems is a key challenge for countries throughout the world. The roadmap conducted by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) estimated the total energy generation from a range of energy resources from the world by 2030 will be 121.6 EJ, where the renewable energy resources alone could generate 35.1 EJ. Table 3 lists the energy produced from various resources along with the energy produced in 2010 [4]. The situation of Nepal is difficult because of the shortage The annual peak power demand of Nepal in fiscal year 2012/2013 was estimated to be 1094.62 MW but only 719.4 MW was supplied, leaving 375 MW for load shedding, which leads to 14 hours per day without electricity during the winter season [5]. According to that report, the energy demand increased by 7.7% this year compared to the previous year, 2011/2012. In The Power Summit 2013, Nepal projected the domestic energy demand to climb to 4000 MW by 2020, 11000 MW by 2030 and 31000 MW by 2050 [6]. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to examine the existing renewable resources technologies and recommend the future potential renewable resource technologies for electricity generation to meet the demands of the country. The secondary objective of this study was to disseminate the technologies for power generation from renewable energy resources in Nepal to be implemented if the country’s political turmoil ends with a vision to explore some short-term plans to reduce their power shortages. In addition, this study aims to examine energy conversion through simple, reliable, and feasible technologies suitable for producing electricity for the country, even in the case of the most optimistic “high growth scenario” increases in domestic demand within the next few decades. of electricity. Technology Bio-power Geothermal power Ocean (Tidal) power Solar PV Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) Wind power Total renewable power capacity (not including hydropower) Per capita capacity (W/inhabitant, not including hydropower) Hydropower Total renewable power capacity (including hydropower) Even with proper planning, it might take several years to develop the necessary infrastructure for power generation and transmission for all of Nepal’s Table 2. needs. Renewable electric power global capacity, top regions and countries [2] Energy and Power 2014, 4(1): 16-28 17 World EU-27 BRICS Total (GW) 83 31 24 11.7 0.9 0.1 0.5 0.2 ~0 100 69 8.2 2.5 2 ~0 China United States 8 15 ~0 3.4 ~0 ~0 7 7.2 ~0 0.5 75 60 90 86 Germany Spain Italy India 7.6 1 3.8 4 283 106 480 210 70 420 990 119 1470 330 96 128 ~0 0 32 ~0 31 71 0 0.9 0 ~0 0 0 5.1 16.4 1.2 2 ~0 ~0 23 8.1 18.4 31 29 24 40 402 229 78 4.4 17 18 43 530 319 164 76 48 47 67 today and scenarios for 2030 in the world [3] 2010 (EJ) 31.3 3.6 17.1 9.9 12.4 1.2 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 77.1 NPS 2030 (EJ) 41.6 2.2 27.8 14.8 19.2 4.2 7.9 0.9 2.4 0.5 0.1 121.6 70 280 870 670 480 20 BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa Table 3. Power generation Power Generation Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Bioenergy Wind Geothermal Solar PV CSP Marine Total GenerationPDF Image | Existing and Recommended Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies for Electricity Generation in Nepal
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