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Energy and Power 2014, 4(1): 16-28 DOI: 10.5923/j.ep.20140401.03 Existing and Recommended Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies for Electricity Generation in Nepal Suresh Baral, Kyung Chun Kim* School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea Abstract Nepal has a huge potential for renewable energy, but there has been no systematic study of energy conversion technologies for electricity generation. The paper explores various renewable energy resources and conversion technologies for electricity generation. Hydropower plants are dominant in Nepal because it is estimated that 43000 MW power can be obtained through the many rivers in the country. The solar and wind energy potential are estimated to be 2100 MW and 3000 MW, respectively. In solar applications, concentrating solar power (CSP) and solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants should be installed for rural electrification and national grid connection. In the case of biomass energy, only biogas has been used widely in remote areas for cooking purposes in homes. Direct biomass combustion, organic Rankine cycle process plants and gasification techniques will be suitable for electricity generation. Finally wind power conversion techniques involve small scale wind power plant and hybrid wind/photovoltaics for energy supply in the villages of the country are recommended. Although renewable energy resources cannot serve as an alternative to conventional energy resources, they may help supplement the long-term energy needs of Nepal to a significant level. Keywords Renewable energy, Hydropower, Solar, Biomass, Wind, Rural electrification, Energy conversion technologies 1. Introduction Energy is fundamental to living and growing the economy. Many forms of energy utilization plants have been installed. The energy landscape has been transformed by the expanding population, economic growth and innovative technological developments. Modern societies are becoming increasing dependent on reliable and secure electricity supplies to support their economic growth and community prosperity but the world’s population is increasing. Rapid growth has transformed developing Asia’s presence in the world economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) of developing Asia is expected to more than quadruple from 2010 to 2035, and by 2050, the region will generate over half of the global GDP [1]. Electricity generation represents the largest energy use across many sectors and is the basic necessity in the lives of most people. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), approximately 1.3 billion people in the planet do not have access to reliable electricity, as listed in Table 1 [2]. The electric power demand has increased exponentially in the commercial, * Corresponding author: kckim@pusan.ac.kr (Kyung Chun Kim) Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ep Copyright © 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved industrial and transportation sectors over the last few decades. Table 1. Electrification rate and people without electricity in the world [2] Region Electrification Rate Share (%) of population with access 76 % 43 % 99 % 30 % 27.2 % 82% 91% 68% 94% 91% People without access to electricity (Million) 1265 590 1 585 173 628 182 493 29 18 All developing countries Africa North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa ECOWAS Developing Asia China and East Asia South Asia Latin America Middle East ECOWAS: Economic community of West African Studies Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum and conventional sources of energy, have been used widely but these fuels are being depleted rapidly with the concomitant increase in price and a deteriorating environment. Therefore, clean and green fuels are needed. Although renewable energy is playing a larger role worldwide, it still needs to be harnessed morePDF Image | Existing and Recommended Renewable Energy Conversion Technologies for Electricity Generation in Nepal
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