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We advise an extension of EU Labelling initiatives to residential heat appliance on biomass. To make the market transparent we advise not to make a distinction on the basis of fuel type and also include fossil boilers and stoves. Mandatory labelling is more effective than voluntary labelling. This should not cause serious problems as mandatory labelling already happens with a lot of other consumer goods. In case where the possible gains are large, and investment costs form a barrier to improvement, we advise to connect labelling to either an investment subsidy scheme or a minimum efficiency standard. Large-scale co-firing is most efficient but with the least options for efficiency improvement Co-firing is most efficient method, as the end-conversion efficiency is highest. However, it offers least opportunities to improve the end-conversion efficiency, because it is already relatively efficient and biomass only plays a small role. We advise not to develop specific policies for the efficiency of co-firing. This is only effective in combination with general efficiency policy. High efficiency requirement are not always effective when the use of biomass serves other goals (e.g. waste treatment, remote areas) Services from installations that serve more functions then bioenergy production only (like waste treatment, remote energy provision or own energy use) are important to take into account. We advise to make a distinction in BTC’s that solely have a bioenergy propose and BTC’s that also supply other services. These BTC combinations should be improved where possible, but it should not inhibit the supply of these other services. Penalising and ban might have negative side effect that use of biomass will not be motivated (co-firing, CHP) Co-firing is not a 100% biomass solution to energy production but does represent a significant part of electricity generation now and in the future. Although on the long term, no stimulation of creation of coal power plants through biomass support schemes is desired, stimulating the use of biomass in coal power plants for co-firing is currently a feasible way to generate greenhouse gas emission reductions and to provide partially green electricity. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION 117PDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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