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116 5.6.2 Conclusions from the workshop From the workshop several general comments were also given, relevant for the policy options: • Policies should be on EU level, regional variations are small and one policy regime promotes business opportunities; • There are some practical objections with implementing policies because technical efficiency is not the only factor influencing actual overall efficiency (for example also maintenance, operations etc). Checking and control is therefore more difficult; • Where possible overlap seek overlap with current initiatives in CHP directive or other relevant policies as to prevent double work or extra administrative burden. • There may be tension between reducing emissions on one hand and increasing efficiencies on the other hand; • The idea of ‘Combinations of policy options’ has a twofold meaning. Not only is it indicated that policy options like labeling and subsidy schemes could be combined and therefore should be taken into account. In addition, combinations of different policy goals could be combined. Support schemes could focus on improving end-conversion efficiency and taking into account at the same time options for improvement of air quality emissions or insulation in households; • To prevent multiple policies to which companies have to comply and to prevent clarity for governments synchronizing policies is a good option to consider; 5.6.3 Conclusions and recommendations on policy options For direct stimulation, end-conversion is better suitable then life-cycle GHG emission calculation Use end-conversion efficiency to stimulate efficiency improvement in the conversion step is more effective then life-cycle GHG emissions, as it explicitly targets the desired outcome. When GHG performance is used as an efficiency standard, many other options become available to improve the performance of the biomass conversion combination. We advice end-conversion efficiency as the reference system for efficiency. This does not exclude the use of the GHG performance from a sustainability perspective, however for improving conversion efficiency this method is not effective. Labelling useful for consumer goods (stove, pellet boilers) Labelling is a viable option for consumer goods like pellet boilers and stoves. There is currently no uniform labelling scheme available although initiatives in Austria and Scandinavia are present. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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