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9SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS This report documents the results of a study of alternative cooling systems for electric power generating plants. The people and businesses of California require increasing amounts of both energy and water. On occasion, the use of water for power plant cooling can conflict with the water needs of the residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors and with environmental requirements to maintain adequate in-stream flows. This has resulted in increasing interest in California and elsewhere in the use of dry or hybrid wet/dry cooling systems. This study examined alternative cooling systems and compared them in several dimensions: • Water consumption • Plant performance • Cost • Operations and maintenance (O&M) • Environmental effects In addition, current R&D and technology development efforts were surveyed to assess the prospects for significant changes in the comparative attributes of the alternative systems in the near term. Results of the study indicate that while dry and wet/dry systems undeniably reduce water requirements at power plants, they do so at some cost—both capital costs for the cooling system components themselves and associated “penalty” costs resulting from higher auxiliary energy requirements to operate the systems, reduced plant efficiency, occasionally limited plant output, and perhaps additional operating and maintenance requirements. Additionally, while the dry systems reduce or eliminate many of the environmental effects of wet cooling, some effects do exist, and others have been postulated. The following paragraphs summarize the results and conclusions of this study in specific areas. Water Consumption Dry cooling reduces the amount of water used in a power plant by eliminating the consumption of water through evaporation in a wet cooling tower. In order to understand the significance of the reduction, it is necessary to distinguish between cooling system water consumption and total plant water consumption, which includes many uses that exist regardless of which cooling system is employed (see Table 1-1 and the accompanying text). 9-1PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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