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Emerging Technologies Evaporative condenser designs can be developed both for conditions of unlimited water availability and for conditions where some water use constraints exist. The system is not an economical choice for conditions where water availability is severely limited. Maximum achievable water conservation is about one-half that of a wet cooling system. For unlimited water availability, where the evaporative condenser would compete with wet cooling towers, the estimated costs for the four case study sites range from 1.5 to 2 times those for wet cooling tower surface condensers presented in Section 5. In addition, evaporative condensers have higher auxiliary power requirements. Evaporative condenser designs provide some ancillary benefits, however, including the ability to operate in a plume abatement mode during colder periods, the ability to operate with lower- quality water without scaling or corrosion, and improved characteristics in freezing conditions. These qualities led to its choice in the MassPower application described in Section 3. If water conservation (up to 50%) is desired, the cost of the unit approximately doubles and the power requirements increase by approximately 20 to 30%. The unit also incurs substantial efficiency and capacity penalties while operating in the dry mode. Economical designs, in these estimates, are sized for 7 in. Hga back pressure at average meteorological conditions and 10 in. Hga back pressure if sized for 1% meteorology (temperature level exceeded for only 80 hours per year). The costs and power requirements are well below those for an all-dry system, but only 50% of the annual water savings can be realized and, during periods of wet operation, the withdrawal rates are the same as for wet cooling systems. References 1. Hutton, Dave. Improved Power Plant Performance with Evaporative Steam Condensing. 1999 Feb; CTI TP99-08. 2. Niagara Blower Company. Available at: http://www.niagarablower.com/wsac.htm. 8-16PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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