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Current research and development Figure 7-1 Effect of Pre-Cooling of Inlet Air (source: Kroeger 1998) Deluge cooling has been studied previously and dismissed in a number of publications. The most detailed work, performed as part of the USDOE/EPRI Advanced Concept Test of an ammonia dry cooling system, was reported in Allemann et al. (1987) and is described in a little more detail below. Studies have also been made of a thermal storage, peak-shaving concept in which advantage was taken of the diurnal cycle to provide excess cooling at night to accumulate a reservoir of cold water for use during the hot daytime hours on the following day. This concept has not been pursued commercially at this time. System Design A variety of system design configurations have been proposed, studied, and, in some cases, implemented over the past 10 or 20 years. Direct-Contact Condensers This design was originally proposed by Heller-Forgo of Hungary and continues to be developed by their successor organization, EGI (Balogh and Z. Takacs, 1998). Often used in conjunction with natural draft towers, it is discussed in Kroeger’s text (Kroeger, 1998). No recent advances have been reported. Ammonia Dry Cooling This concept was studied extensively by USDOE and EPRI in the 1980s. The system is an indirect type, in which the usual circulating water loop is replaced by a phase-change ammonia loop where the ammonia is evaporated in the tubes of the steam condenser and condensed in an air-cooled condenser. The advantage comes from the elimination of the temperature difference between the ambient dry bulb and the condensing steam temperature normally imposed by the condenser cooling water’s temperature rise (range) in conventional indirect systems. The concept was tested and well documented (Allemann, 1986; Allemann, 1981b; Allemann, 1981a; 7-3PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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