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Current research and development Allemann and others, 1987), with the participation of several major equipment vendors (Baltimore Air Coil, The Trane Company, Curtiss-Wright, CB&I, and Union Carbide). To date, the concept has not been pursued commercially but may bear reexamination in light of increasing interest in economical dry cooling. Evaporative Condensers The use of an evaporative condenser that can be run in a dry mode during colder periods has been used in a number of industrial HVAC and process cooling applications and in at least one power plant (see MassPower, Appendix C). It is discussed at length in Section 8. NWD A single reference (Miura and O. Gotoh, 1998) is made to what is described as a “novel wet/dry tower” for plume abatement with no separate finned tube dry section. It works by interrupting the water flow to a section of the fill during cold, plume-forming periods. In that regard, it has some similarities to the evaporative condenser (see above). There is no information given on cost or performance. Analytical Methods There is some activity on computational procedures for system optimization and for determining wind effects. This includes work on the following: • System optimization on a nonlinear constrained problem using a sequential quadratic programming method (Conradie et al., 1998) • Optimization by geometric programming (Ecker and R. D. Wiebking, 1978) • Computational fluid dynamics (Eldredge, 1995) • Generalized optimization techniques (Kintner-Meyer and A. F. Emery, 1994) • Computer-aided optimization (Li and W. Sadiq, 1985) Progress in these areas will accrue to the benefit of future cooling system designs. Summary There is little current research and development work being reported in the open literature on dry or wet/dry cooling systems for power plants. A few important exceptions include improved heat exchanger geometries for finned tube bundles in air-cooled condensers (Bonger, and R. Chandron 1995; Staff report, 1998; Kroeger, 1998); enhancement of air-cooled condenser performance with the use of limited water (Maulbetsch and M. N. DiFilippo, 2001; Balogh and Z. Takacs, 1998); the use of evaporative condensers (Hutton, 1999; Niagara Blower Company); and optimization techniques (Conradie and others, 1998) 7-4PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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