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3-2 SL-5641 Final large as 80-MWe steam Rankine cycle projects to as small as 1-MWe organic Rankine cycle systems. From a more general perspective, Congress asked DOE with the fiscal year 2002 funding authorization to “develop and scope out an initiative to fulfill the goal of having 1,000 MW of new parabolic trough, power tower, and dish/engine solar capacity supplying the southwestern United States by 2006” (EERE 2002). DOE, the CSP industry, and SunLab have collaborated on the development of a report to Congress on the implementation of a plan to achieve this goal. In early 2002, the Western Governors’ Association expressed its high interest in the implementation of 1,000 MW of CSP in the Southwest in a letter directed to Congress. • South Africa. ESKOM, the national utility in South Africa, has been comparing troughs and towers to select a single technology for their first CSP plant in South Africa. In September 2002, their board approved the recommendation to proceed with the central receiver technology only. Their plan is to gather the cost inputs in sufficient detail to take a proposal to their Board of Directors by the end of this year proposing a 100-MW central receiver station with molten salt thermal storage to be sited somewhere in the northwest part of the country, probably in the vicinity of the city of Upingt. • Spain. In August 2002, the Spanish Government approved a modification of Royal Decree 2818 providing substantial incentives for the erection of IPP solar thermal power plants fueled exclusively by solar radiation, i.e., no hybrid operation. This modification of Royal Decree 2818 grants a premium of €0.12 above the market price for electricity generated from solar thermal energy in facilities with a maximum unit power of 50 MW. Four projects have been proposed by industry, as follows: 10-MWe tower project based on European technology; 15-MWe tower project based on U.S. technology; 10-MWe trough prototype based on U.S. technology; two 50-MWe trough projects based on European technology. Work is now proceeding on the commercial financing and development of these projects. • Israel. The Israel Ministry of National Infrastructures, which is also responsible for the energy sector, decided in November 2001 to propose CSP as a strategic ingredient into the Israel electricity market over the next several years, with a minimal power unit of 100 MWe. There is an option to increase the CSP contribution up to 500 MWe at a later stage, after the successful operation of the first unit. The plant is to operate in hybrid mode, 4,400 hr/yr, 50% of which is solar and the rest natural gas. A final decision on the plan is expected in late 2002. Industry participation is also an indicator of market potential. There are a number of companies actively participating in research and development, marketing, and engineering in support of tower and trough technology. Nexant, Boeing, and Duke Solar are the key participants in the United States. Internationally, the key participants are Solel, Flabeg, Solar Millennium, and Fichtner. 3.2 DEPLOYMENT FORECAST Cost reductions occur from technical improvements, increase in plant size (scaling), and volume production (learning curves). All three are dependent on deployment (development) of CSP technology. Deployment requires movement through various phases: pilot testing, commercial validation, commercial niche market,PDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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