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electrolysis, S-ED The enrichment of lithium from water resources by NF is generally followed by a sequential precipitation process for the purification and recovery of lithium carbonate. Although the NF technology is unable to recover the lithium resource directly and completely, lithium enrichment by an NF process could be an efficient and cost-effective alternative to evaporation from an industrial perspective [112]. NF as the only commercial available process is preferred because of not only its mature technology but also its high cost efficiency as compared to the other membrane-based processes with the limitations of higher cost and operation complexity. According to Yaksic et al. [110], the energy consumption and the cost of lithium carbonate production by NF from salt-lake brines and geothermal brines is approximately 35–48 kWh kg–1 and USD 5–7 kg–1, respectively. It is, therefore, an attractive technology because of the high market price of lithium carbonate products of approximately USD 24 kg–1 [111]. Certainly, the control of membrane fouling is still a critical issue for the long-term stable operation of NF processes. MDC is another attractive process that can concurrently produce desalted water and recover lithium resources. The water recovery could be increased to 90% by using MDC to treat the RO retentate; as a comparison, the single RO unit only produced a recovery of 50%. According to the economic evaluation conducted by Drioli et al. [113] in a laboratory study, the capital cost from the membrane was almost the same as that with the integrated NF/RO/MDC system or the conventional NF/RO system. An increase in the water recovery and production of salt could produce a higher profitability and reduce the environmental disruption caused by the brine disposal. While it is technically possible to extract lithium from seawater by using an NF/RO/MDC system, it is not economically viable (USD 5,000 kg–1) resulting from the low lithium concentration in seawater (<1 ppm). An economic 25PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)