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Thermodynamics and Energy Engineering seawater and terrestrial hydromineral resources are very similar [66]. To extract lith- ium from seawater, various reagents such as potassium, iron sulfates and aluminum hydroxides, are successfully used to co-precipitate lithium [66, 96]. To obtain lithium concentrate, the dissolution of the co-precipitate after an ion exchange process is used. A hydrometallurgical process for extracting lithium from seawater using an adsorption process with a manganese oxide adsorbent followed by a deposition pro- cess reported by Um and Hirato [99]. By this method, at a temperature of (25–90°C), MgCl2 and CaCl2 from seawater were precipitated as Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2. Using the NaOH, pH was managed between 7 and 14 with an initial concentration of CaCl2, MgCl2 and MnCl2 (10 and 100 mmol/dm3). Followed by the second stage Li2CO3 was recovered through carbonation using Na2CO3 by neutralization using HCl [99]. Resources Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Seawater Table 2. Process Precipitation Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Liquid-liquid extraction Liquid-liquid extraction Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Membrane process Reagents Na2CO3 + HCl k-MnO2 adsorbent Al(OH)3 layer (HMnO) ion-sieve (microporous) k-MnO2 MnO2 HMnO Nanostructure MnO2 ion-sieve MnO2 adsorbent H1.6Mn1.6O4 Cyclohexane and tri-octyloxyphosphine Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and TOPO Mixed matrix nanofiber as a flow-through membrane Inorganic adsorbent containing polymeric membrane Inorganic adsorbent containing polymeric membrane Recyclable composite nanofiber adsorbent Li ionic superconductor functioning as a Li separation membrane Ionic liquid membrane Membrane distillation and crystallization Mixed matrix nanofiber as a flow-through membrane Mechanism Precipitation Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Adsorption Dialysis Electrodialysis Osmotic and vacuum configuration Adsorption Reference [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] [18] [106] [48] [101, 107] [108] [102] [103] [109] [110] [111] [112, 113] [114] [115] Recovery of lithium from seawater by various processes. 12PDF Image | Lithium Recovery from Seawater Salt Lake Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)