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Lithium Recovery from Brines Including Seawater, Salt Lake Brine, Underground Water... DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90371 process reported by Jagur-Grodzinski and Schori [88]. Lithium cations can be selec- tively permeated by solvent-polymer membranes. Better selectivity of Li+ transport by Mg2+ and Ca2+ gave membranes with (2-ethylhexyl)-diphenyl phosphate. No significant changes in membrane permeability and selectivity were observed during the 6 months of operation. Preliminary concentration of lithium and subsequent selective separation of lithium by membrane and ion exchange fusion were described by Jagur-Grodzinski and Schori. The expediency of lithium separation by combination of ion exchange process and membrane is substantiated [88]. The processes of concentration and separation of lithium from brine by reverse osmosis, nanofiltration was used. Sun et al. reported the isolation of lithium and magnesium from brine using a desalination nanofiltration membrane [89]. Magnesium lithium rejection rate was estimated by optimizing various operational parameters such as pressure, supply water temperature, pH and Mg2+ to Li+ ratio. Lithium extrac- tions from salt lake brine using RO and NF processes have also been investigated. Studies show that the separation of magnesium and lithium was strongly dependent on the operating pressure, Mg2+/Li+ ratio and pH [89]. Lithium recovery from salt lake brine has been reported using NF and a low-pressure RO membrane by Somrani et al. [90]. Lithium selective membrane NF90 compared with XLE with low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane. For Li+ extraction, the NF90 membrane is more efficient than the XLE on the low pressure RO membrane due to its higher permeability to clean water and 0.1 m NaCl solution. A lower critical pressure (Pc = 0) and higher selectivity were obtained at a low operating transmembrane pressure (<15 bar) between monovalent cations (40%). Nf90 membrane showed 100% magnesium rejection in the initial step separation from dilute brine (15% for Li+, 10 times dilution). An 85% separation between Mg2+/Li+ was achieved in the final. Lithium can easily be separated by dialysis from the solution [90]. 5. Lithium extraction from seawater In the near future, to meet the needs of the world community in lithium, the ocean is considered the most important and promising resource for lithium [66]. It is reported that the total amount of lithium reserves in the oceans is approximately 2.6 × 1011 t [91]. Lithium extraction from hydromineral sources is carried out on a semi-industrial and industrial scale in the USA from salt lakes [66, 92, 94, 95], in Japan from thermal waters [96, 97], in Israel from the Dead sea [66, 73]. The extrac- tion of lithium metal from geothermal and brine has also been studied in Russia, Germany, Bulgaria and Korea [98]. Typically, lithium is extracted from seawater by these two processes: (1) co-precipitation and extraction process and (2) ion exchange and sorption process. Various methods have emerged with the development of technology, such as liquid-liquid extraction, a membrane process is used to extract lithium from seawa- ter Table 2. The process of lithium extraction from both brine and synthetic brine has been considered and generalized through various processes such as liquid–liq- uid extraction, ion exchange and sorption, co-deposition and membrane processes. 5.1 Co-precipitation method for extracting lithium from seawater Like other methods, it has not received wide application the extraction process of lithium recovery and extraction by co-precipitation. For lithium recovery, an important problem is the presence of higher concentrations of alkali and alkali metals in seawater. The alkali metal group has a very similar parameter, which creates problems for lithium recovery. The problems associated with lithium recovery from 11PDF Image | Lithium Recovery from Seawater Salt Lake Brine
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)