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It is unknown when and if detailed cost and performance data might become available from Simbol’s pilot-scale demonstrations, but those data could further inform future lithium extraction efforts at Salton Sea. 4.4 Future Considerations Future techno-economic analysis will benefit from detailed performance and cost data, ideally from pilot- and commercial-scale demonstrations. Additionally, robust modeling of lithium extraction from geothermal brines requires explicit process details, many of which are proprietary. There are detailed patent documents (e.g., EnergySource Minerals) available such that it might be possible to create a robust publicly available process model to understand performance and cost in greater detail; however, there is no single model to apply to all geothermal brines or even to different brine and power plant operations in the Salton Sea KGRA. Each will be unique to the specific physical and chemical conditions of brine and lithium extraction ± power generation operations. Despite that, the range of brine types and lithium extraction processes reviewed herein suggest an OPEX near $4,000/mt LCE is achievable with modeled prices assumed to be >$11,000/mt Li2CO3 and >$12,267/mt LiOH·H2O (Table 3). These prices are within the range of spot market prices since mid-2018, and increased lithium demand is expected in the future (Chao 2020). Future potential process improvements involve increasing lithium selectivity relative to competing ions, increasing operating cycles between regeneration and replacement, lowering costs of sorbent and solvent manufacturing, and reducing energy and material requirements. The most important information related to economics and commercialization will likely be coming from demonstrations planned or underway at the Salton Sea. Beyond demonstrations at Salton Sea, there is important research ongoing at laboratory scale. The most recent review of lithium extraction techniques is by Stringfellow and Dobson (2021), which provides descriptions and extensive documentation of methods being investigated by researchers (Table 8). Several of the techniques they review are discussed here to provide details of some of the more promising research completed and underway that is applicable to lithium extraction from geothermal brines. Stringfellow and Dobson (2021) report that lithium extraction with inorganic molecular sieve ion-exchange sorbents is the most developed technology and note that sorbent selectivity, sorbent tolerance for interfering ions, and purity of extracted lithium are the main cost drivers. They also note that large-scale, expensive demonstration projects are necessary to advance lithium extraction from geothermal brines toward commercialization, highlighting the importance of planned demonstrations at the Salton Sea and the data that will be generated from those projects. 19 This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications.PDF Image | Lithium Extraction from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |