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REE Mineralogy and Resources Chapter 279 201 TABLE 12 Major Monazite-Bearing Placer Deposits in the World Major Weight Rare Earth Deposit Name Country Type Mineral (Mt) Oxide (Mt) Eneabba Australia Beach Monazite 43 25.8 Manavalakuruchi India Beach Monazite 2.6 1.42 Richard Bay South Beach Monazite 1.15 0.65 Africa Fort Dauphine Madagascar Beach Monazite 0.89 0.54 WIM150 Australia Beach Monazite, 0.75 0.45 xenotime Tolagnaro Madagascar Beach Monazite 0.72 0.43 Ranchi-Purulia India Fluvial Monazite 0.27 0.16 Oak Grove United Fluvial Monazite 0.27 0.16 States Camaratuba Brazil Beach Monazite 0.24 0.15 Nile Delta Egypt Beach Monazite 0.22 0.13 Jurien Bay Australia Beach Monazite 0.18 0.11 Chavara India Beach Monazite 0.18 0.10 Data source: Orris, G.J., Grauch, R.I., 2002. Rare earth element mines, deposits, and occurrences. U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 02-189, 78p. 6% of the sand mined, and monazite makes up 0.5–7.0% of the heavy minerals (Shepherd, 1990). In addition to Australia, by-product monazite has been recovered from beach sands in Brazil, India, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The valuable REE minerals are generally confined to monazite and a lesser amount of xenotime because of the abundance of these minerals in placer deposits (Castor and Hedrick, 2006; Jackson and Christiansen, 1993; Sengupta and Van Gosen, 2016) and of the established beneficiation and met- allurgical technique (Gupta and Krishnamurthy, 2005; Jordens et al., 2013). In Malaysia, 571 tons of monazite and 208 tons of xenotime were produced in 2011 (Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, 2012). 4.1.8 Other Deposits Some bauxite deposits developed on carbonate rocks and syenite have been known to contain some elevated amounts of REEs (up to 2000 ppm approxi- mately) (Boulange and Colin, 1994; Calagari and Abedini, 2007; Eliopoulos et al., 2014; Karadag ̆ et al., 2009; Mordberg et al., 2000). Because the REEPDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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