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KHODASHENAS et al., Orient. J. Chem., Vol. 31(Spl Edn.), 249-257 (2015) 251 Fig. 2: Advantages of process intensification 7 metallic nanoparticles are highly regarded because of their wide range of applications which lets their uses in different industries16. Generally, the synthesis of nanoparticles is carried out through physical, chemical and biological methods. These methods can be used to prepare nanoparticles of different diameter and morphology by controlling reaction conditions. There are various types of physical and chemical methods in order to produce nanoparticles but some of these methods are expensive or use toxic substances 17. Among various NPs, metal NPs have been highly considered by researchers due to their antibacterial properties that result from their high surface area to volume ratio and also the resistance of microbial growth against metal ions, antibiotics and resistant strains development. Change in the size or surface area of the composition can change the physical and chemical features of the NPs. Silver NPs are examples of metal NPs, which have attracted much attention because of their application in various industries and sciences: i.e. in medicine, in the food industry, as a catalyst, in chemical reactions and many other fields, which is a result of their catalytic, electronic, optical and also antibacterial properties 18. The shape, size and size distribution of silver nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions such as reducing agent, stabilizer and different synthetic methods. In the past few years, different process intensification technologies are used for the preparation of nanoparticles 3,19. One of the oldest technologies in process intensification is the high gravity, (HIGEE) contactor which is also known as rotating packed bed (RPB), developed by Ramshaw in 1979, where the packing in a packed bed rotates (RPB) at high speed to give high acceleration to liquid (of the magnitude of 2000 – 1000 m s -2 ). The phenomenon of forcing liquid out towards the periphery of the bed forms thin films over the packing and leads to high mass transfer coefficient 7,20. HIGEE technology is used for different applications, e.g., nanoparticle synthesis, polymerization, deoxygenation of water, desulfurization, etc 7. Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) The SFTR concept was revealed at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) on 15 July 1996 when the invention was disclosed in a patent application 21. The main motivation was the development of a new technology devoted to overcome the main limitations associated to the mass and heat transport issues during the scale up of high-tech laboratory chemical production in the form of sub-micrometric powders. In fact, although many excellent powders have been discovered and prepared in laboratories at the mg level, transferring these processes to the kg production scale is often a bottleneck that hinders the creation of new innovative materials 21. The SFTR has been developed to overcome the classical problems of powder production scale-up from batch processes, which are mainly linked with mixing, homogeneity, and heat transfer. The SFTR is composed of three distinct parts: a micromixer which ensures that the coreactants are efficiently mixed, a segmenter, and a tubular reactor, placed in a thermostatic bath. Aimable et.al carried out investigation on nanoparticles and their application in Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR). They presented process intensification using a segmented flow tubular reactor (SFTR) for ultrafine CaCO3, BaTiO3, and nanosized ZnO from optimized minibatch (20 mL) conditions. With SFTR, it was possible to scale out the powder production from very low optimization volumes (40 cm3) at the laboratory scale without changes in powder quality. They concluded that the SFTR was a powerful tool for the production of powders and nanocrystals 22. An investigation on precipitation system for zinc oxide and aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out by Aimable et.al. They used mildPDF Image | Process Intensification for the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
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