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Polymers 2020, 12, 1155 2 of 16 DNA screening [12], biosensors [13], and antimicrobial applications [14]. Enhancement of their properties depends on the type of polymer, the size distribution, and the extent of the dispersion of nanoparticles and the interfacial interaction between the filler and polymer [15]. In previous work, a facile method has been reported for the in situ preparation of PS-RGO, PMMA-RGO, and PS-PMMA copolymers containing graphene sheets [16–18]. Additionally, the preparation of PS-RGO/AgNP and PMMA-RGO/AgNP nanocomposites has been reported [19–21]. Nevertheless, there are no reports on copolymer nanocomposites that are functionalized by the in situ microwave irradiation (MWI) method with reduced graphene oxide containing silver nanoparticles (RGO/AgNPs) as filler. In this work, the combined effect of small amounts of two filler nanomaterials (graphene and silver nanoparticles) has been studied. Graphene is known to have extraordinary structural, mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties which make it an excellent two-dimensional filler nanomaterial for polymer nanocomposites for applications in various technological fields [22–25]. However, a uniform dispersion of the fillers within the polymer matrix is crucial for attaining the desired improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the polymer matrix, mainly for graphene. This is because graphene has a strong tendency to agglomerate due to intrinsic van der Waals forces. Recent studies have shown that metal nanoparticles can be supported and anchored on graphene sheets through the reduction of GO in the presence of metal salt [26]. The structural, mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrical properties and the high surface area of graphene nanosheets make it an ideal host for incorporating metal nanoparticles and thus, excellent two-dimensional filler material for polymer nanocomposites that may find applications in numerous technological fields, e.g., catalytic fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, etc. [27–30]. Among various polymers, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a highly transparent polymer with good mechanical characteristics and is used for various optical and medical applications [31,32]. On the other hand, polystyrene (PS) also has excellent properties, such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and chemical inertness [33]. The combination of these polymers (i.e., PS-PMMA) has therefore found various applications, ranging from the medical applications (i.e., bone cementing, dentistry, etc.) to automotive industry applications [34,35]. Therefore, many techniques have been developed to synthesize nanocomposite materials, including solution mixing, melt blending, microwave irradiation (MWI), and in situ bulk polymerization [17,36,37]. Despite many reports on composites of PS with PMMA or AgNPs and GO, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study on the combination of these components has been carried out so far. The present work reports the synthesis of a nanocomposite of R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs by two distinct methods: MWI and the bulk polymerization technique. The MWI method is a fast and easy way to synthesize RGO-PS-PMMA/AgNPs, and involves supplying energy to move the molecules faster than they can relax. This, in turn, generates a high instantaneous temperature and thus increases the yield and quality of composites [38–41]. In this work, two different synthetic methods for incorporating silver nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide sheets (RGO/AgNPs) within the copolymer matrix of PS-PMMA using the microwave irradiation method are reported. Although MWI has been previously used to reduce metal ions to generate metal NPs [38], the present work indicates that this energy-saving method is well-suited to the synthesis of graphene-supported AgNPs inside the polymer matrix. Additionally, the results obtained showed that the impact of the MWI technique for producing silver nanoparticles/graphene nanosheets within the polymer matrix leads to an enhanced thermal stability. The goal of this work is to understand the effect of nanocomposite preparation techniques on the dispersion of nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, the thermal behavior, and the antibacterial activity of RGO-copolymer/AgNPs nanocomposites. Therefore, the newly developed nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, DSC, and TGA methods. The obtained nanocomposites were tested for antibacterial effects against E. coli.PDF Image | Microwave Irradiation Synthesis Silver Nanoparticle
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