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polymers Article Microwave Irradiation Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced-(Graphene Oxide-(Polystyrene-Polymethyl Methacrylate))/Silver Nanoparticle Nanocomposites and Their Anti-Microbial Activity Mohammad A. Aldosari 1, Khaled Bin Bandar Alsaud 2, Ali Othman 2, Mohammed Al-Hindawi 2, Nadimul Haque Faisal 3 , Rehan Ahmed 4, Feven Mattwes Michael 2, Mohan Raj Krishnan 2 and Edreese Asharaeh 2,* 1 2 3 4 r.ahmed@hw.ac.uk * Correspondence: ealsharaeh@alfaisal.edu Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 7 May 2020; Published: 18 May 2020 King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia; aldosari@kacst.edu.sa Chemistry Department, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia; khaled.saud@kaust.edu.sa (K.B.B.A.); aothman@alfaisal.edu (A.O.); mfalhindawi@alfaisal.edu (M.A.-H.); fmicheal@alfaisal.edu (F.M.M.); mkrishnan@alfaisal.edu (M.R.K.) School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7, UK; N.H.Faisal@rgu.ac.uk School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; Abstract: Herein, we report a facile process for the preparation of styrene and methyl-methacrylate copolymer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles ((R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs)) by using (i) microwave irradiation (MWI) to obtain R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs and (ii) the in situ bulk polymerization technique to produce RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA). Various characterization techniques, including FT-IR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, DSC, and TGA analysis, were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. The Berkovich nanoindentation method was employed to determine the hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposites. The results showed that the MWI-produced nanocomposites were found to have enhanced morphological, structural, and thermal properties compared with those of the nanocomposites prepared by the in situ method. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the prepared nanocomposites against the E. coli HB 101 K-12 was investigated, whereby an inhibition zone of 3 mm (RGO/AgNPs-(PS-PMMA) and 27 mm (R-(GO-(PS-PMMA))/AgNPs) was achieved. This indicates that the MWI-prepared nanocomposite has stronger antibacterial activity than the in situ-prepared nanocomposite. Keywords: reduced graphene oxide; silver nanoparticles; microwave irradiation; PS-PMMA; anti-microbial 1. Introduction In recent years, the preparation of novel systems by incorporating metal nanoparticles into the polymer matrix has been used to obtain smart materials with unique physical and mechanical properties. The embedded metal nanoparticles in polymer matrixes have recently attracted great attention since they offer a high specific strength and other mechanical properties and applications in many fields, such as optics [1,2], data storage and electronics [3], biomedical applications [4–11], Polymers 2020, 12, 1155; doi:10.3390/polym12051155 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymersPDF Image | Microwave Irradiation Synthesis Silver Nanoparticle
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