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786 conditioners, waste energy from industrial processes, and so on. It becomes a sort of energy sink into which we can throw any form of energy which is not needed for the moment. A common storage like this may not be so applicable for small houses but would be useful for large-scale central heating systems [1]. The technology of energy storage has only recently been developed to a point where it can have a significant impact on modern technology. One main factor that limits its application is that it is a cyclic, time-dependent energy source. That is why energy storage is critically important to the success of any intermittent energy source in meeting demand. This problem is especially severe for solar energy because storage is needed the most when the solar availability, namely in winter. 2. CLASSIFICATION OF THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SOLUTIONS Thermal energy storage is required when heat demand does not match heat production. Thermal energy storage systems themselves do not save energy. However, energy storage applications for energy conservation enable the introduction of more efficient, integrated energy systems. Thermal energy storage makes it possible to more effectively utilize new renewable energy sources and waste heat/cold recovery for space heating and cooling. In figure 1 is presented different criteria of thermal energy storage technologies, based on temperature level of stored thermal energy point of view, time length of stored thermal energy point of view and status of energy storage material point of view. 2.1. Classification of thermal energy storage solutions by using status of energy storage material According to the way heat is stored thermal energy storage can be classified in: • sensible heat: in hot liquids and solids, • latent heat: in melts and vapor • chemical heat: in chemical pounds. In figure 2 is presented the classification of thermal energy storage technology based on the criterion of the state of the energy storage material. Fig. 2. Classification of thermal energy storage technology based on the criterion of the state of the energy storage material Sensible heat storage Sensible heat storage systems use energy stored or extracted by heating or cooling a liquid or a solid, which does not change its phase during this process, such as water, heat transfer oils and certain inorganic molten salts, and solid like rocks, pebbles and refractory. In the case of solids, the material is invariably in porous form and heat is stored or extracted by the flow of a gas or a liquid through the pores or voids. Energy storage materials for the sensible heat storage won`t experience phase change process when they store thermal energy. The only process those materials will experience is the change of temperatures within one phase. The basic equation for the sensible heat storage is: T2 Q=∫m⋅cp ⋅dT (1) T1 where T1 is the initial temperature of the storage material, T2 is the final temperature of Fig. 1. Classification of thermal energy storage solutionsPDF Image | Thermal energy storage overview
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