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THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE: AN OVERVIEW Lavinia Gabriela SOCACIU Abstract: Nowadays, as global warming is becoming one of the most urgent problems in the world, we need to find a better way to utilize energy, especially in the area of energy storage. Currently, most of the renewable energy sources, especially wind energy and solar energy, are timely-based energy sources, whose available energy densities are variable during different days (months). The objectives of such systems are to store solar heat collected in summer for space heating in winter. These systems contribute significantly to improving the energy efficiency and reducing the gas emissions to the atmosphere. Developing efficient and inexpensive energy storage devices is as important as developing new sources of energy. Key words: thermal energy storage, heat storage, storage of thermal energy, seasonal heat storage, sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, thermo chemical heat storage. 1. INTRODUCTION The thermal energy storage can be defined as the temporary storage of thermal energy at high or low temperatures. This concept is not new; it is been used and developed for centuries because is playing an important role in energy conservation. The energy source has intermittent nature and its effective utilization is dependent on the availability of efficient and effective energy storage systems. This leads to the fact that the solar thermal technologies will not be able to achieve their full potential for space heating and domestic hot water applications. During the extraction of the stored thermal energy efficient thermal energy storage systems minimize thermal energy losses and attain high energy recovery with little degradation in temperature. This relates to high latitude locations, mainly because the variations of solar radiation are significant, and in cold climates because the varying space heating loads dominate energy consumption. The use of seasonal thermal energy storage can substantially reduce the cost of solar energy systems that can supply up to 100% of buildings energy needs. Such systems are designed to collect solar energy during the summer and retain the stored heat for use during the winter. The application requires large inexpensive storage volumes and the most promising technologies were found underground, using ground heat exchangers. Although such systems have been constructed and demonstrated, it is challenging to make them cost effective. Economically justified projects can be designed using annual storage on a community-wide scale, which could reduce cost and improve reliability of solar heating [15]. Thermal energy storage systems have the potential of making the use of thermal equipment more effective, and are important means of offsetting the mismatch between thermal energy availability and demand. Well designed systems can reduce initial and maintenance costs and improve energy efficiency[14]. The energy storage systems can contribute significantly to meeting society`s need for more efficient, environmentally benign use in building heating and cooling, space power, and utility applications. Another significant advantage of efficient energy storage is that, although it may have been designed primarily for the storage of solar energy, it is not restricted to that. It may be used to store surplus energy from the power plants, usually in the form of waste water, waste energy from air 785 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CLUJ-NAPOCA ACTA TECHNICA NAPOCENSIS Series: Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Vol. 55, Issue IV, 2012PDF Image | Thermal energy storage overview
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