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Energies 2017, 10, 1873 3 of 12 Energies 2017, 10, 1873 3 of 12 are a feasible means to effectively reduce the space heating costs of a residential home in cold regions like Alaska. This paper reports results experimental study of sand-bed seasonal thermal energy storage regions like Alaska. This paper reports results experimental study of sand‐bed seasonal thermal conducted on a residential home in Palmer, Alaska. energy storage conducted on a residential home in Palmer, Alaska. 2. Experimental Home Description 2. Experimental Home Description A two-story house located in Palmer, Alaska was used for this experiment. The lower floor of the A two‐story house located in Palmer, Alaska was used for this experiment. The lower floor of house consists of a normally unoccupied garage and storage space with the upper floor consisting of the house consists of a normally unoccupied garage and storage space with the upper floor consisting 54 m2 (581 ft2) living space. The home is designed to be Net Zero Energy home, where electricity is fed of 54 m2 (581 ft2) living space. The home is designed to be Net Zero Energy home, where electricity is to the utility grid during high solar production months and supplied from the utility grid during low fed to the utility grid during high solar production months and supplied from the utility grid during solar production month. High efficiency, non-traditional construction techniques were used for the low solar production month. High efficiency, non‐traditional construction techniques were used for construction of the home. The walls are designed as arctic walls [15] where there is no direct thermal the construction of the home. The walls are designed as arctic walls [15] where there is no direct path from the interior side of the wall to the exterior wall, and insulated with densely packed cellulose thermal path from the interior side of the wall to the exterior wall, and insulated with densely packed with permeable membranes in lieu of a traditional vapor barrier. The home is placed with each face cellulose with permeable membranes in lieu of a traditional vapor barrier. The home is placed with pointed in a true cardinal direction with the solar PV panels and solar thermal arrays on the south each face pointed in a true cardinal direction with the solar PV panels and solar thermal arrays on side (Figure 1). The walls and roof are insulated with densely packed cellulose giving an aggregated the south side (Figure 1). The walls and roof are insulated with densely packed cellulose giving an thermal resistance of RSI-10.6 (US R-60) for the wall and RSI-15.9 (US R-90) for the roof. aggregated thermal resistance of RSI‐10.6 (US R‐60) for the wall and RSI‐15.9 (US R‐90) for the roof. Figure 1. The experimental home in Palmer, Alaska. Figure 1. The experimental home in Palmer, Alaska. The lower floor is composed of the garage and storage space with the sand‐bed thermal energy The lower floor is composed of the garage and storage space with the sand-bed thermal energy storage underneath. Floor trusses between the garage and living space are also intended to be storage underneath. Floor trusses between the garage and living space are also intended to be insulated insulated at a later date to reduce the thermal link between the living space and garage. at a later date to reduce the thermal link between the living space and garage. The Solar PV panels (SolarWorld, Sunmodule Plus SW 285‐290, Hillsboro, OR, USA) are 285‐ The Solar PV panels (SolarWorld, Sunmodule Plus SW 285-290, Hillsboro, OR, USA) are 285-watt watt panels in an array of 13 panels with a combined rated power of 3.705 kW mounted at a◦ 60° angle panels in an array of 13 panels with a combined rated power of 3.705 kW mounted at a 60 angle on on the roof. Solar PV panels feed into a power inverter (a SolarEdge SE5000A‐US (5000 watt capacity)) the roof. Solar PV panels feed into a power inverter (a SolarEdge SE5000A-US (5000 watt capacity)) and then onto the two‐way meter connecting to Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. (MEA) power and then onto the two-way meter connecting to Matanuska Electric Association, Inc. (MEA) power grid located in Eagle River, AK, USA. Evacuated solar tubes (Sunda Solar, Beijing, China, part Sunda grid located in Eagle River, AK, USA. Evacuated solar tubes (Sunda Solar, Beijing, China, part Sunda Seido 5‐16) with two collector arrays are placed in series at a tilt angle of 75°◦ on the southern wall. Seido 5-16) with two collector arrays are placed in series at a tilt angle of 75 on the southern wall. The test data from Solartechnik [16] shows a rated efficiency curve based on a flowrate of 300 L/h and The test data from Solartechnik [16] shows a rated efficiency curve based on a flowrate of 300 L/h and 2 solar irradiance of 800 W/m 2, shown in Figure 2. solar irradiance of 800 W/m , shown in Figure 2.PDF Image | Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in Alaska
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